Module 5

Question 1

What structure forms in the early embryo and will become the central nervous system?
A) Neural plate
B) Neural crest
C) Ventricular system
D) Diencephalon

Answer 1

A) Neural plate

Question 2

The neural crest cells will eventually form the
______________, and the neural tube will form the ________.

Answer 2

peripheral nervous system
CNS

Question 3

At approximately what day of human development does the neural plate begin to form the neural tube?

A) Day 10
B) Day 15
C) Day 20
D) Day 30

Answer 3

C) Day 20

Question 4

What is the name of the hollow structure that becomes the brain and spinal cord?

A) Neural crest
B) Neural tube
C) Ventricular system
D) Central cavity

Answer 4

B) Neural tube

Question 5

What type of cells form the sensory and motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system?

A) Neural tube cells
B) Neural crest cells
C) Epithelial cells
D) Stem cells

Answer 5

B) Neural crest cells

Question 6

What will the hollow part of the neural tube eventually become?

A) The ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord
B) The outer layer of the brain
C) The cerebellum and pons
D) The peripheral nervous system

Answer 6

A) The ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord

Question 7

By which week of human development has the CNS formed seven major divisions and name them?

A) Week 4
B) Week 6
C) Week 8
D) Week 11

Answer 7

B) Week 6
six in the brain(the cerebrum, diencephalon, midbrain, cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata) and the seventh being spinal cord

Question 8

Which of the following brain structures does NOT develop from the hindbrain?

A) Cerebellum
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Pons
D) Diencephalon

Answer 8

D) Diencephalon

Question 9

Which brain regions develop from the hindbrain?
A) Medulla oblongata and cerebellum
B) Cerebrum and midbrain
C) Diencephalon and midbrain
D) Spinal cord and forebrain

Answer 9

A) Medulla oblongata and cerebellum

Question 10

Which structure develops from the forebrain?

A) Cerebrum and diencephalon
B) Midbrain and hindbrain
C) Pons and medulla
D) Cerebellum and spinal cord

Answer 10

A) Cerebrum and diencephalon

Question 11

What occurs by week 11 of brain development?

A) The spinal cord starts to form
B) The cerebrum becomes noticeably larger
C) The neural plate forms
D) The brain begins to divide into two hemispheres

Answer 11

B) The cerebrum becomes noticeably larger

Question 12

The central cavity of the neural tube becomes the central canal of the:

A) Brain
B) Peripheral nervous system
C) Spinal cord
D) Hindbrain

Answer 12

C) Spinal cord

Question 13

By which week does the neural tube begin to form specialized regions such as the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain?

A) Week 4
B) Week 5
C) Week 6
D) Week 8

Answer 13

A) Week 4

Question 14

What function do the ependymal cells serve during CNS development?

A) They form sensory neurons
B) They form motor neurons
C) They help produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid
D) They become glial cells

Answer 14

C) They help produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Question 15

What happens to the cerebrum during weeks 6 to 11 of development?

A) It shrinks in size compared to other brain regions
B) It grows larger than other regions of the brain
C) It splits into the pons and cerebellum
D) It becomes part of the hindbrain

Answer 15

B) It grows larger than other regions of the brain

Question 16

Which of the following structures are visible below the cerebrum at birth?

A) Midbrain and forebrain
B) Diencephalon and midbrain
C) Cerebellum and medulla oblongata
D) Cerebellum and diencephalon

Answer 16

C) Cerebellum and medulla oblongata

Question 17

What term describes the bending of the neural tube during early brain development?

A) Differentiation
B) Flexion
C) Fusion
D) Migration

Answer 17

B) Flexion

Question 18

At which stage do the cells lining the neural tube differentiate into specific types of cells?

A) Day 20 of development
B) Week 4 of development
C) Week 6 of development
D) Week 11 of development

Answer 18

B) Week 4 of development

Question 19

Which of the following regions grows faster than the others during brain development?

A) Hindbrain
B) Midbrain
C) Spinal cord
D) Cerebrum

Answer 19

D) Cerebrum

Question 20

The cells that remain as undifferentiated stem cells in the neural tube will later:

A) Form the peripheral nervous system
B) Develop into neurons or glial cells
C) Create the neural crest
D) Produce cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 20

B) Develop into neurons or glial cells

Question 21

What do the lateral edges of the neural plate become after the neural tube forms?

A) Ventricles of the brain
B) Neural crest cells
C) Spinal cord cells
D) Brainstem cells

Answer 21

B) Neural crest cells

Question 22

Which of the following describes the ventricles of the brain?

A) They are fluid-filled spaces that develop from the neural tube.
B) They form the outer layer of the brain.
C) They are part of the peripheral nervous system.
D) They are formed from the neural crest cells.

Answer 22

A) They are fluid-filled spaces that develop from the neural tube.

Question 23

At what stage does the cerebrum become the largest part of the brain?
A) Week 6
B) Week 11
C) Week 4
D) Day 23

Answer 23

B) Week 11

Question 24

Which cells are completely contained within the CNS?
A) Sensory neurons
B) Interneurons
C) Efferent neurons
D) Motor neurons

Answer 24

B) Interneurons

Question 25

What do sensory (afferent) and efferent neurons do? A) Connect interneurons to peripheral receptors and effectors B) Form the white matter in the brain C) Create cerebrospinal fluid D) Form the protective layers of the brain

Answer 25

A) Connect interneurons to peripheral receptors and effectors

Question 26

Which cells provide support for neurons in the CNS? A) Myelin cells B) Glial cells C) Schwann cells D) Motor neurons

Answer 26

B) Glial cells

Question 27

Gray matter consists primarily of: A) Myelinated axons B) Unmyelinated nerve cell bodies, dendrites, and axon terminals C) Glial cells only D) Connective tissue

Answer 27

B) Unmyelinated nerve cell bodies, dendrites, and axon terminals

Question 28

What gives white matter its pale color? A) Dendrites B) Axon terminals C) Myelin sheaths D) Nuclei clusters

Answer 28

C) Myelin sheaths (surrounding the axon)

Question 29

In the CNS, bundles of myelinated axons are known as, also what's the function: A) Nerves B) Tracts C) Nuclei D) Glia

Answer 29

B) Tracts (connecting different regions of CNS)

Question 30

Clusters of cell bodies in the CNS(brain and spinal cord) are known as: A) Nerves B) Tracts C) Nuclei D) Ganglia

Answer 30

C) Nuclei

Question 31

The gray matter of the CNS is responsible for: A) Processing and interpreting information B) Transporting signals between different regions C) Maintaining the structural integrity of the brain D) Protecting the brain from mechanical damage

Answer 31

A) Processing and interpreting information

Question 32

White matter in the CNS primarily: A) Provides protection for the brain B) Supports cognitive functions C) Allows for the transmission of signals between different regions D) Stores memories

Answer 32

C) Allows for the transmission of signals between different regions

Question 33

Which of the following is the outermost layer of the meninges? A) Arachnoid membrane B) Pia mater C) Dura mater D) Subarachnoid space

Answer 33

C) Dura mater

Question 34

Name the 3 layers of meninges, outer being the first

Answer 34

Dura mater Arachnoid matter Pia mater

Question 35

The space between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater is known as the: A) Subarachnoid space B) Subdural space C) Venous sinus D) Dura mater

Answer 35

A) Subarachnoid space

Question 36

Which layer of the meninges is closest to the brain? A) Dura mater B) Arachnoid membrane C) Pia mater D) Subarachnoid space

Answer 36

C) Pia mater

Question 37

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is located in which part of the meninges? A) Between the dura mater and the cranium B) In the subarachnoid space C) Inside the gray matter D) Inside the white matter

Answer 37

B) In the subarachnoid space

Question 38

The purpose of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is to: A) Nourish neurons B) Provide structural support to neurons C) Cushion and protect the CNS D) Supply oxygen to the brain

Answer 38

C) Cushion and protect the CNS

Question 39

Which of the following provides the soft CNS tissue with external protection? A) Neurons and glial cells B) Meninges, bones, and cerebrospinal fluid C) Myelin sheaths D) Ventricles and blood vessels

Answer 39

B) Meninges, bones, and cerebrospinal fluid

Question 40

What is the equivalent of CNS tracts in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)? A) Nerves B) Ganglia C) Nuclei D) Gray matter

Answer 40

A) Nerves

Question 41

The peripheral nervous system connects the CNS to: A) Only sensory neurons B) Peripheral receptors and effectors C) The meninges D) Only the brain

Answer 41

B) Peripheral receptors and effectors the PNS serves as a bridge, connecting the CNS to sensory structures (receptors) that gather information and to muscles or glands (effectors) that respond to CNS instructions.

Question 42

In the PNS, the myelination of axons is carried out by: A) Oligodendrocytes B) Schwann cells C) Astrocytes D) Microglia

Answer 42

B) Schwann cells

Question 43

In the PNS, the myelination of axons is carried out by: A) Oligodendrocytes B) Schwann cells C) Astrocytes D) Microglia

Answer 43

B) Schwann cells

Question 44

In the spinal cord, which of the following is located in the center? A) White matter B) Gray matter C) Subarachnoid space D) Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 44

B) Gray matter

Question 45

Where is the central canal located? A) In the brain’s ventricles B) Within the spinal cord C) In the subarachnoid space D) Between the dura mater and arachnoid membrane

Answer 45

B) Within the spinal cord

Question 46

Where is the central canal located? A) In the brain’s ventricles B) Within the spinal cord C) In the subarachnoid space D) Between the dura mater and arachnoid membrane

Answer 46

B) Within the spinal cord

Question 47

What does the spinal cord's gray matter consist of? A) Sensory and motor neuron cell bodies B) Myelinated axons C) Schwann cells D) Subarachnoid space

Answer 47

A) Sensory and motor neuron cell bodies