Module 5 Flashcards
(33 cards)
What is usually included in a typical hip series?
AP and frog leg view
What is the axiolateral hip view used for?
Specialized views of acetabulum, femoral head/neck and trochanters
What do hip dislocations usually occur due to?
MVA
What is the most common hip dislocation?
Posterior (head displaced superiorly and laterally on film)
Where does the hip fracture occur most commonly?
Femoral neck (usually due to osteoporosis)
What are hip non-traumatic considerations to look at on radiographs?
Neck shaft angle
Shape of femoral head
Joint spaces and pelvic lines
Presence of bone disease
Presence of Osteophytes or arthritis
How do you know on a radiograph if someone has FAI?
Femoral head uncovering and head-tear drop distance (pistol grip deformity)
What is a CAM type lesion relative to FAI?
Lack of roundness of femoral head and thicker femoral neck
What is a PINCER type lesion relative to FAI?
Femoral head and neck are well formed but there is additional bony overgrowth of acetabulum
What are the Ottawa knee rules?
Patient > 55 y/o
Tenderness at head of fibula
Isolated tenderness of patella
Inability to flex 90°
Inability to take 4 steps in ED
What are the essential radiographic views of the knee?
AP
AP standing
Lateral
PA axial (tunnel)
Tangential (sunrise)
Tangential (merchant)
What structures are best seen in an AP view of the knee?
Medial and lateral femoral Condyles, tibial Condyles, and joint compartments
Intercondylar eminence
Fibular head
Patella is superimposed
What structures can you see in a lateral view of the knee?
Patellar positioning
Patellofemoral joint compartment
Suprapatellar pouch
Femoral Condyles and tibial plateaus superimposed
What is the AP standing view of the knee used for?
Medial and lateral joint spaces
Varus or valgus joint deformities
What structures can be seen in the PA tunnel view of the knee?
Posterior femoral Condyles
Intercondylar fossa of femur
Medial and lateral intercodylar tubercles
What structures does the tangential sunrise view of the knee show you?
Patella (fractures) and Patellofemoral joint
What structures can you see in the tangential merchant view?
Relation of patella to femoral Condyles
Intercondylar sulcus depth
Patellar subluxations
Shape of patellar articular surface
Vertical fractures
What happens to the patella with a patellar tendon rupture?
It migrates superiorly (Alta)
What are the most common views when looking at the patella?
Tangential merchant and sunrise views
What are the types of distal femur fractures?
Supracondylar, intercondylar, and condylar
What are found on radiographs with osteoarthritis in the knee?
Joint space narrowing, Osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis, and cysts
What are the Ottawa ankle rules?
Pain in malleolar zone
Bone tenderness in posterior half of distal tibia or fibula (tip of medial or lateral malleolus)
Unable to weight bear 4 steps
What are the Ottawa foot rules?
Pain in midfoot zone
Bone tenderness over navicular or base of 5th
Unable to weight bear 4 steps
What is the mortise view and how is it different from the AP view?
Oblique view that places intermalleolar plane parallel to table (gives a better visualization of whole ankle)
