Module 5 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Significance of proteins
Muscle Contraction
Enzymes
Some hormones
Connective tissue and muscle
All enzymes are…
Proteins
Hormones to know…
Insulin
Growth hormone
Glucagon
Epinephrin, norepinephrine- derived from a single amino acid
How many different amino acids?
20 diffrent amino acids- 20^x for different combos
Primary Structure
Amino acid sequence
Secondary structure
Arrangement of amino acids in “space”
Tertiary structure
The 3-D shape- caused by folding, coiling, sheeting, etc
Quaternary structure
Protein subunits combined to form 1 protein
How are amino acids classified?
Structure of the side chain
Classifications of amino acids?
Acids Bases Thiols Hydroxyls Alkanes Phenyls
What is the simplest amino acid structure?
Glycine
What are non-polar amino acids-?
Side chains that lack electrical charge- 4 have alkane side chains [Ala, Val, Leu, Ile]
What are the names of non-polar amino acids?
Alanine Valine Leucine Isoleucine Proline Tryptophan Phenylalanine Methionine :)
What are polar amino acids-? - Referring to Polar Neutral ones
They have polar side chains- BUT: at pH 7 they are neutral-!
What are the names of polar amino acids when pH is neutral at 7-? They are also known as Polar Neutral
Serine
Threonine
Tyrosine
Cystine
What are acidic amino acids-?
They have polar acid side chains- BUT are ionized [negatively charged] at pH 7-!
What are names of acidic amino acids-?
Glutamic acid
Aspartic acid
What are amino acids with amine side chains?
They have an amino group attached to the carboxyl-carbon [replacing the -OH on the carboxylic acid]
What are the names of the amino acids with amine side chains?
Glutamine
Asparagine
What are basic polar amino acids-? Referring to when they become + at a certain pH
Polar, yet positively charged when pH is 7
What are the names of basic polar amino acids-?
Histidine
Lysine
Arginine
What does the order or “sequence” of an amino acid determine-?
How amino acids will interact with each other- these interactions will influence how the long chains of amino acids bend and fold as the protein develops - the final 3-D shape is determined by the sequence of the amino acids
What are some bioactive proteins?
Enzymes- only catalyze certain reactions and specific uses
Hormones
Hemoglobin
Myoglobin
Contraction proteins like myosin and actin
What are essential and nonessential amino acids?
Essential: needed in the diet- also called indispensable
Nonessential: body can synthesize it- called dispensable
