module 5 - bronsted-lowry acids and bases

Question 1

what do acids and alkalis release?

Answer 1

H+ and OH- ions in water

Question 2

why do acids release H+ ions in aqueous solution?

Answer 2

because they dissociate

Question 3

why do alkalis release OH- ions in aqueous solution?

Answer 3

because they dissociate

Question 4

what thing neutralises another to form water?

Answer 4

OH- ions neutralise H+ ions

Question 5

what is an alkali?

Answer 5

a soluble base

Question 6

what’s a Bronsted-Lowry acid?

Answer 6

a proton donor

Question 7

what’s a Bronsted-Lowry base?

Answer 7

a proton acceptor

Question 8

is HCl a strong or weak acid?

Answer 8

strong

Question 9

whats a conjugate acid-base pair?

Answer 9

it contains 2 species that can be interconverted by transfer of a proton

Question 10

what’s a conjugate acid?

Answer 10

a species that releases a proton to form a conjugate base

Question 11

in aqueous solution, what does dissociation require?

Answer 11

a proton to be transferred from an acid to a base

Question 12

what is the name and formula of the ion formed when water accepts a hydrogen?

Answer 12

• hydronium

- H30+(aq)

Question 13

what is the active acid ingredient in any aqueous acid?

Answer 13

the hydronium ion

Question 14

in equations, what does H+ really represent?

Answer 14

hydronium ion

Question 15

what does mono, di and tri basic refer to?

Answer 15

THE TOTAL NUMBER OF HYDROGEN IONS IN THE ACID THAT CAN BE REPLACED PER MOLECULE IN AN ACID-BASE REACTION

Question 16

in acid base reactions, what is usually replaced by what?

Answer 16

protons replaced by meta ions or ammonium to make a salt

Question 17

list 2 monobasic acids

Answer 17

HCl and ethanoic acid

Question 18

list a dibasic acid

Answer 18

sulfuric acid and carbonic acid (H2CO3)

Question 19

list a tribasic acid

Answer 19

boric acid

- H3BO3

Question 20

where don’t organic acids replace any hydrogen atoms from?

Answer 20

the main carbon chain

Question 21

what are the 3 steps in writing equations for complete neutralisations?

Answer 21

1) count number of h atoms (not on organic carbon chains) to work out if mon/di/tribasic
2) write equation using however many moles of the base is needed to replace all h atoms you’ve identified
3) the moles of the base is the same as moles of water formed. remember state symbols

Question 22

what’s the formula for phosphoric acid?

Answer 22

H3PO4

Question 23

what 4 things do acids react with to make salts?

Answer 23

• metals
• carbonates
• metal oxides
• alkalis

Question 24

when writing ionic equations with H+, what doesn’t matter and why?

Answer 24

• the acid

- because it’s the same reaction

Question 25

how do you turn a full equation into an ionic one?

Answer 25

cancel out the spectator ions from each side of the arrow

Question 26

what are spectator ions?

Answer 26

ions that don't change or react during the reaction

Question 27

what type of acids undergo redox reactions with some metals to make salt and hydrogen?

Answer 27

- dilute acids

Question 28

what's the ionic equation for any metal + acid?

Answer 28

metal(s) + 2H+(aq) ---> metal 2+(aq) + H2(g)

Question 29

which acid is a strong oxidising agent?

Answer 29

nitric acid

Question 30

write the ionic equation showing how solid copper carbonate reacts with any acid?

Answer 30

2H+(aq) + CuCO3 (s) ---> Cu2+(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2 (g)

Question 31

for a solid, why do u write the ionic equation with the full formula of the carbonate?

Answer 31

because it changes state during the reaction

Question 32

give an example of an aqueous solution of carbonate?

Answer 32

NaCO3 (aq)

Question 33

what's the simplest ionic equation of an aqueous solution of carbonate reacting with an acid?

Answer 33

2H+ (aq) + CO3^2-(aq) --> H2O + CO2

Question 34

what's the ionic equation of an aqueous solution of Na carbonate reacting with an acid?

Answer 34

2H+ (aq) + 2Na+ (aq) + CO3^2-(aq) --> H2O + CO2 + 2Na+

Question 35

acid + metal oxide/hyd =

Answer 35

salt + water

Question 36

what's the ionic equation for any metal oxide/hydrox + acid?

Answer 36

2H+ + metal oxide = metal 2+ + H2O

Question 37

with alkalis in neutralisation reactions, what 2 things are in solution?

Answer 37

the acid and base

Question 38

what's the ionic equation for alkali + acid?

Answer 38

h+ + oh- = h2o

Question 39

are metal oxides alkalis or bases?

Answer 39

base