Module 5 - Digestive System Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
Ingestion
A
to take in food
2
Q
absorption
A
absorb nutrients for distribution throughout the body
3
Q
elimination
A
discard solid waste by-product
4
Q
or/o , stomat/o
A
mouth
5
Q
bucc/o
A
cheeks
6
Q
lingu/o , gloss/o
A
tongue
7
Q
palat/o
A
palates
8
Q
uvul/o
A
uvula; helps in forming vocal sounds
9
Q
rugae
A
ridges on the hard palate
10
Q
mastication
A
chewing
11
Q
bolus
A
compact mass
12
Q
papillae
A
small raised area on tongue
13
Q
pharynx
A
throat
14
Q
dent/i , odont/o
A
tooth
15
Q
cuspids
A
canine teeth
16
Q
tricuspids
A
first molar
17
Q
bicuspids
A
premolars
18
Q
molars
A
wisdom teeth
19
Q
gingiv/o
A
gum
20
Q
sial/o
A
saliva
21
Q
-ase
A
enzyme
22
Q
sialaden/o
A
salivary glands
23
Q
prote/o
A
protein
24
Q
deglutition
A
swallowing
25
epiglottis
cartilaginous flap of tissue that moves to cover the trachea w/ each swallow
26
-stalsis
contraction
27
pylor/o
pyloric
28
enter/o
small intestine
29
duoden/o
duodenum
30
hepat/o
liver
31
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
32
pancreat/o
pancreas
33
jejun/o
jejunum
34
ile/o
ileum
35
col/o , colon/o
large intestine or colon
36
cec/o
cecum
37
append/o , appendic/o
appendix
38
sigmoid/o
sigmoid
39
rect/o
rectum
40
an/o
anus
41
defecation
process of removing feces
42
de-
removal of
43
fec/o
feces
44
-ation
process of
45
proct/o
anus and rectum together
46
choledoch/o
common bile duct, or choledochus
47
gluc/o , glyc/o
glucose
48
amyl/o
starch
49
glycogen/o
glycogen
50
steat/o , lip/o
fat
51
gluconeogenesis
converting protein and fat to glucose
52
-osis
abnormal condition
53
peristalsis
forward moving
54
segmentation
a mixing movement
55
Aphthous stomatitis
AKA: canker sore; is idiopathic
56
Herpetic stomatitis
A cold sore, or fever blister, is caused by infection with the herpes simplex I virus.
57
Oral leukoplakia
White patches, or plauqes, on the oral mucosa.
| Precancerous condition caused by chronic smoking or alcohol intake.
58
eructation
the expulsion of gas from the stomach through the mouth. AKA: burp
59
flatus
gas expelled through the anus
60
flatulence
the presence of excessive stomach or bowel gas.
61
An-
no or without
62
-orexia
appetite
63
Nausea
unpleasant sensation in the throat or stomach in response to irritation of specific nerve endings in the stomach that send a message to the vomiting reflex center in the brain.
64
emesis
vomiting
65
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
66
dys-
difficulty
67
-phagia
swallowing
68
Regurgitation
reflux, or heartburn; the backward flow of hydrochloric acid from the stomach into the esophagus
69
borborygmnus
rumbling or gurgling noise in the GI tract due to diarrhea
70
hemorrhoids
chronic constipation can put pressure on anal veins, causing swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region.
71
malabsorption syndrom
an example of a group of symptoms often found together in response to the small intestine's failure to absorb nutrients.
72
steatorrhea
the improper absorption of fats
73
melena
blood in feces
74
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease; a disorder in which solids and fluids return through the esophagus to the mouth from the stomach.
75
hiatal hernia
the protrusion of an orgran through a division
76
esophageal varices
The swelling of varicose veins in the distal, or lower, portion of the esophagus or upper part of the stomach. Can be caused by some liver diseases.
77
achalasia
a constriction, or closing off, of the lower esophagus due to failure of the lower esophageal spincter (LES) to relax
78
a-
without
79
-chalasia
relaxation
80
dilation or dilatation
widening
81
Barrett esophagus
long-term irritation of the esophagus due to repeated gastric reflux.
82
peptic ulcer
a defect in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
83
gastric ulcer
peptic ulcer in the stomach
84
cause of a peptic ulcer?
is the destruction of the gastric or intestinal mucosal lining by hydrochloric acid
85
bacteria responsible for causing peptic ulcer
Helicobacter pylori
86
the most common type of ulcer occurs in the __.
duodenum
87
perforation
a hole that goes all th way through the stomach or duodenum; a medical emergency
88
hernia
any protrusion of an organ or part of a organ through the muscle that normally contains it.
89
inguinal hernia
the protrustion of a small loop bowel through the abdominal muslce that usually hols it in place.
90
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
constipation, diarrhea, bloating, and abdominal pain
91
ileus
a failure of peristalsis with obstruction of the intestines caused by adhesions, a tumor, or stones
92
intussusception
another cause of intestinal obstruction; a telescoping of the intestines
in this condition, one bowel segment collapses into the opening of another segment
93
volvulus
a twisting of the intestine upon itself
94
dysentery
is a painful (dys-) inflammatory disorder of the intestine (enter/o), especially of the colon that results in severe diarrhea containing mucus and blood and accompanied by fever and abdominal pain.
caused by the ingestion of toxins.
95
colitis
inflammation of the colon (large intestine)
96
enterocolitis
inflammation of both the large and small intestines
97
ulcerative colitis
an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the colon with the presence of ulcers; type of IBD
98
Crohn disease
Type of IBD.
This autoimmune disease usually affects the intestines but may occur anywhere from the mouth to the anus.
There is chronic inflammation of the GI tract, which causes the intestinal wall to thicken.
99
Fistulae
when ulcers form a rough cobblestone texture
100
anal fistula
an abnormal tubelike passageway near the anus, which often results from an infection.
101
anal fissure
is a painful narrow slit in the mucous membrane of the anus that may cause or lead to a fistula
102
abscess
(infected area) can cause a fistula
103
polyp
benign growth that protrudes from a mucous membrane.
104
when polyps occur in the colon?
condition called colonic polyposis
105
-osis
abnormal condition
106
hematochezia
defecation in which feces contain bright red blood
107
-chezia
defecation
108
hemat/o
blood
109
polypetomy
procedure to biopsy off premalignant polyp
110
another name for colorectal cancer
adenocarcinoma
111
diverticula
presence of saclike outpouchings in the colon wall
112
diverticulitis
inflamed pouches
113
diverticulosis
is an abnormal outpouching (diverticulum) in the wall of the colon.
114
jaundice
AKA: icterus.
| results when yellow bile pigments accumulate in the blood and are deposited in the skin.
115
viral hepatitis
is inflammation of the liver that usually manifests itself through anorexia, malaise, joint paint, abdominal discomfort, pale feces, and dark urine
116
hepatitis A
from a specific hepatitis A virus found in contaminated food or water. Acute, self-limiting disorder
117
Hepatitis B
AKA: serum hepatitis because it can be acquired parenterally through blood and body fluids; almost always severe.
118
hepatitis C
acquired through blood or blood products, and sexual contact.
Can lead to hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma.
119
cirrhosis
is a degeneration of liver tissue. Occurs when toxicity levels ar so high that regeneration cannot keep up and damaged portions are replaced with scar tissue.
120
causes of cirrhosis?
when there are dangerous levels of toxicity caused by hepatitis, malnutrition, infection, or chronic alcohol abuse.
121
ascites
an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
122
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
123
Acute pancreatitis
short term inflammation. is more common than chronic pancreatitis and can involve massive swelling and bleeding
124
untreated pancreatitis
necrosis, or tissue death, can occur along with fluid-filled pseudocytes. It can also result in shock, renal failure, and respiratory collapse
125
bil/i
bile
126
biliary colic
severe pain induced by the presence of cholelithiasis, aka gallstones.
127
chol/e
bile or gall
128
lith/o
stone
129
-iasis
abnormal condition
130
cholecystitis
inflammation and infection of the gallbladder - is another symptom of cholelithiasis
131
gallbladder stones
calculi
| sing. calculus
132
choledoch/o
common bile duct
133
choledocholithiasis
when calculi block BOTH the gallbladder and bile ducts
134
ileostomy
the creation of an opening (-stomy) from the ileum to the surface of the abdomen for emptying feces out of the body.
135
enteroenterostomy
involves creating an artificial opening or connection between two segments of the intestine, usually when a section of the intestine must be removed.
136
pancreatoduodenectomy
which is the removal of all or part of the pancreas and duodenum to relieve obstructions on pancreatic cancer.
AKA Whipple procedure
137
enteral nutrition
enters the body through the gastrointestinal tract.
138
parenteral nutrition
introduction of nutrition, medication or other substance into the body via a route other than the GI tract.
139
parenteral
beside the intestine
140
cholecystectomy
surgery to remove the gallbladder
141
choledochotomy
surgery to remove stones
