Module 5: Ecology Flashcards

Question

What are some prey adaptions

Answer 1

morphological -->cripsis chemical -->stinky behaviorial -->flocking and yelling

Answer 2

Bartesian --> 1 non toxix copies a toxic one Mullerian --> both toxic, but will coverge on a common signal increasing the strength of the workings against predators

Answer 3

a defense and a warning (color or sound)

Answer 4

+/0 generalist specialist *insects are the largest amount of herbivores

Answer 5

teeth --> specialized, as they constantly are munching, continue to grow guts, if no eat they aill migrate forwards gut --> symbiotic relation with microbes --> hind gut --> foregut detoxification --> caterpillars only eat one plants and has a highly specialized detoxification system --> some eat and toxins put into separate organ

Answer 6

Hind gut eat everything and anything they can, -have larger intestinal tracts foregut--> want as much nutrient as possible, some will eat everything yak and find whats good an whats not

Answer 7

+/- -this is a good way to show that these interactions are a spectrum, this is like predation but some do not kill the host, but instead are harming it but not enough to kill it --> reach a strong selective Pressure against each other so they reach a state of coexistence, (increasing host resistance and decreasing pathogen virulence) but new strains still arise reminding use of evolutional changes

Answer 8

outside the body -->some are casual --> others rae lifelong hosts can actively work against it (such as frroming)

Answer 9

inside host these have unique strateigies of not killng host

Answer 10

-/- occurs when 2 species require a limited resource ->competing species with the same niche cannot possibly coexist --> if there is a slight overlap then they can find a way to coexist

Answer 11

sum of the organism use of biotic and abiotic resources

Answer 12

-->can also affect species distribution resource partitioning -->differentiation of ecological niches in time and.or space enabling a similar species to coexist in a community competitive exclusion -->pushes to extinction, locally of competing species

Answer 13

If they do not have the morphology or anatomy to partition the resource, competitive exclusion will happen

Answer 14

+/+ a type of positive interaction --> obligate --> facultative

Answer 15

mutualism's are no require but survival increase where it exists ex: mycorrhiza (fungi) helps produce mroe biomass, but will the roots will still be there without it

Answer 16

mutualism's are required for both species to live ex: benefits hummingbird foods and the flower gets pollinators ( gametes spread, ) hummingbird gets face full of gametes

Answer 17

+/0 bird on top of cattle, no affect on cattle but when it kicks up bugs the bird will have a meal

Answer 18

There is like a environmental filters that slowly decide/show how community is formed -1.) regional species pool and dispersal ability: can it disperse from where it is now 2.) physical and chemical environmental factors (climate): can it survive the habitats climate, local conditions, abiotic factors 3.) species interactions (biotic conditions) compete: can it effectively compete for resources that are already there (the biotic conditions) --> could have no open niches no room to share resources, or even timing there could have been a fire recently so there is a limit on space

Answer 19

= number of species, or the richness = proportion total number of individuals to diff species =Diversity that is a comparative value, (useless unless looking at another community and comparing it) = relative abundance with other species

Answer 20

there is a negative correlation with altitude why? --> more time: poles had less time too speciate, the glaciers took a long time to melt but there was no glaciers in the tropic area --> more production: in the tropic area there is more solar radiation at the equator, there is then more raw material for plants to turn into food, more food more plant types, more plants type more animals eating, --> more stability: not resetiing every 10,000 years like at higher up areas, poles get the extremes no nuance changes --> more area: more room for all this shit to happen, its the belly there is a larger circumfrence on it

Answer 21

influenced by immigration and extinction -as extinction rises, species diversity rises -less species, more immigration -more immigration, tones of species use equillibirum

Answer 22

proximity to source areas -how far an island is from mainland -island that are closer will have more immigration and a steeper curve

Answer 23

area -islands that are larger have shallower extinction curves

Answer 24

their abundance makes them very important in an ecosystem -can be capable of providing a habitat and food for others

Answer 25

-impact is community wide, and disproportionate to abundance -act in creating trophic cascades, having a large influence over community species richness, abundance, and composition

Answer 26

physically change the environment, for themselves and other species -can be either keystone or foundation species,

Answer 27

temporal community change, how it goes through time -how a community changes in species composition over time (txtbook) - a result of both abiotic and biotic factors

Answer 28

disturbance, stops it in its tracks -can be abiotic sometimes bioitc -can be from a ice storm, to hurricane maysoon -

Answer 29

species richness peak, when there is an intermediate disturbance levels, balance between disruption of competition and mortality leads to high diversity

Module 5: Ecology Flashcards

(53 cards)