MODULE 5: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS FOR STRESS RESULTANTS

Question 1

the ability to conduct rapid calculations enabled structural engineers to produce multiple design iterations to fit the requirements of cost and safety, at a degree of relative accuracy

Answer 1

COMPUTER-AIDED STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Question 2

most commonly recognized structural analysis and design software include:

Answer 2

• Bently Staad.Pro
• Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional
• Csi ETABS, SAFE, and SAP software
• Strand7 - Finite Element Analysis
• Trimble Tekla Structures
• Some Filipino authored software like FrameCE

Question 3

meaning of FEM

Answer 3

FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Question 4

a popular technique for numerically solving differential equations in engineering and mathematics.

Answer 4

FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Question 5

the classic domains of structural analysis, heat transfer. fluid flow, mass transport, and electromagnetic potential are typical areas of its application.

Answer 5

FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Question 6

Its a genetic numerical approach for solving partial differential equations with two or three variables in two or three dimensions.

Answer 6

FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Question 7

The process is further simplified by subdividing a large/complex structure into smaller components called as _____________

Answer 7

FINITE ELEMENT

Question 8

The process of subdividing a large/complex structure into smaller components

Answer 8

DISCRETIZATION

Question 9

the resulting finite elements also known as _________

Answer 9

DISCRETE ELEMENTS

Question 10

In structural engineering, one of the basic examples of this process (DISCRETIZATION) can be observed in the analysis of _________

Answer 10

STRUCTURAL SLAB ELEMENTS

Question 11

Instead of discretization, it is commonly preferred to use the term __________ for slab elements

Answer 11

MESHING

Question 12

For regularly, shaped slabs, ______________ is preferred, while for complex slab geometry, such as when there is the presence of slab opening, __________ is preferred.

Answer 12

RECTANGLE/SQUARE MESH
TRIANGULAR MESH

Question 13

It is important to take note that the ______ of the mesh matters, as the results may be more accurate for ___________ mesh units but would require additional computation.

Answer 13

SIZE
SMALLER SIZED

Question 14

The structural engineer must them choose the balance between ___________ and the ____________ needed for the project.

Answer 14

CALCULATION SPEED
LEVEL OF ACCURACY

Question 15

It is also equally important that the ______________ must be considered, since different __________ may produce different _________

Answer 15

ARRANGEMENT/ORIENTATION OF MESH
ARRANGEMENT
RESULTS

Question 16

One of the methods of structural analysis, a matrix method that makes use of the members’ stiffness relations for computing member forces and displacements in structures and is particularly suited for computer-automated analysis of complex structures including the statically indeterminate type.

Answer 16

DIRECT STIFFNESS METHOD

Question 17

Direct stiffness method is also known as ________

Answer 17

MATRIX STIFFNESS METHOD

Question 18

___________ is the one of the implementations of the finite element method (FEM). In applying the method, the system must be modeled as a set of simpler, idealized elements interconnected at the nodes, also known as __________

Answer 18

DIRECT STIFFNES METHOD
ANALYTICAL MODEL

Question 19

is commonly made up of basic elements such as nodes, beams, and plate elements

Answer 19

ANALYTICAL MODEL

Question 20

Analytical modelling in staad can be done in multiple ways:

Answer 20

• modelling using the USER INTERFACE (UI) DRAWING AREA
• modelling using the COMMAND LINE EDITOR
• modelling using STRUCTURAL WIZARD
• IMPORTING DXF FILES of the analytical model

Question 21

__________________ is where the model is built completely through the available UI commands of the software itself to add STAAD elements, which includes: ________

Answer 21

USER INTERFACE (UI) DRAWING AREA
-NODES
-BEAMS
-PLATES
-SURFACE
-SOLIDS

Question 22

where the model information can be typed, not relying entirely on the UI itself

Answer 22

COMMAND LINE EDITOR

Question 23

where the whole or parts of the model is created using predefined structural configurations, like common frames, truss models and others.

Answer 23

STRUCTURAL WIZARD

Question 24

modelling processes:

Answer 24

1. ADDITION OF NODES AS ELEMENT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
2. ADDITION OF BEAMS AND/OR PLATES USING THE NODES BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
3. ADDITION OF STRUCTURAL RESTRAINTS OR SUPPORTS
4. ASSIGNMENT OF ELEMENT PROPERTIES SUCH AS SECTION PROPERTY MATERIALS, DIMENSIONS AND ROTATIONS
5. ASSIGNMENT OF LOADS

Question 25

nodes can be modelled using the _________ or the tabulation of coordinates

Answer 25

DRAWING AREA

Question 26

Beams can be added using the _________ or by using the tabulation to indicate the __________, and other properties such as the id of the material properties and others

Answer 26

MOUSE CURSOR NODE INCIDENCES

Question 27

________ are modelled at the location of the nodes coinciding the location of actual footing or foundation supports can be modelled as _________ and others

Answer 27

SUPPORTS RESTRAINTS FIXED, PINNED, SPRING

Question 28

______________ are included in Staad. One can just utilize these predefined properties without manually creating said properties

Answer 28

AISC COMMON STEEL SECTIONS

Question 29

Load in Staad can either be ___________ or _________ of load

Answer 29

PRIMARY COMBINATION

Question 30

code-based inputs like directional wind and or static force procedure for seismic are treated as ____________

Answer 30

LOAD DEFINITIONS

Question 31

the capacity of a compression member, element, or frame to remain in position and support load, even if forced slightly out of line or position by an added lateral force. Galambos, 1998

Answer 31

STABILITY

Question 32

Most steel structures are governed by stability limit states:

Answer 32

- GEOMETRICAL IMPERFECTIONS - MEMBER INELASTICITY - CONNECTION RIGIDITY - SECOND ORDER EFFECT

Question 33

out of plumbness of frame member cambers

Answer 33

GEOMETRICAL IMPERFECTIONS

Question 34

Plastic behavior of steel

Answer 34

MEMBER INELASTICITY

Question 35

procedures of stability analysis:

Answer 35

- 1ST ORDER ANALYSIS METHOD - EFFECTIVE LENGTH METHOD (ELM) - DIRECT ANALYSIS METHOD (DAM)

Question 36

pure structural analysis "perform" analysis, run

Answer 36

1ST ORDER ANALYSIS METHOD

Question 37

second order analysis/ higher order analysis:

Answer 37

- EFFECTIVE LENGTH METHOD (ELM) - DIRECT ANALYSIS METHOD (DAM)

Question 38

1st order analysis method with second order analysis (P-delta effect) calculation of K factor

Answer 38

EFFECTIVE LENGTH METHOD (ELM)

Question 39

1st order analysis method with second order analysis (P-delta effect) inclusion of "notional load" inelastic behavior of sections

Answer 39

DIRECT ANALYSIS METHOD (DAM)

Question 40

meaning of SCM in table 2-2 Steel Construction Manual 14th edition

Answer 40

SUMMARY COMPARISON OF METHODS

Question 41

a non-linear effect that occurs in structures that are subjected to compression load and lateral displacement

Answer 41

P-DELTA EFFECT

Question 42

two types of p-delta effect:

Answer 42

P-(TRIANGLE) EFFECT / P-"BIG-DELTA" P-(GAMMA) EFFECT / P-"SMALL-DELTA"

Question 43

- associated with displacements of the member ends when the whole structure is taken into consideration - "global" or "per system"

Answer 43

P-(TRIANGLE) EFFECT / P-"BIG-DELTA"

Question 44

- associated with local deformation relative to the element chord between end nodes - "local" or "per member"

Answer 44

P-(GAMMA) EFFECT / P-"SMALL-DELTA"

Question 45

effect of loads acting on the displaced location of joints or nodes in a structure

Answer 45

P-BIG DELTA

Question 46

effect of loads acting on the deflected shape of a member between joints or nodes

Answer 46

P-SMALL DELTA

Question 47

For older versions of the code, ___________ is recommended

Answer 47

EFFECTIVE LENGTH METHOD (ELM)

Question 48

_____ FOR NEWER VERSION

Answer 48

DIRECT ANALYSIS METHOD (DAM)

Question 49

advantages of "direct analysis"

Answer 49

- straight forward approach to stability analysis and design - small and big delta are accounted - geometric imperfections are accounted (through the inclusion of notional loads) - inelastic effect are accounted for (through reduction of flexural and axial stiffness) - applicable to all types of structures - applicable to all any 2nd to1st order effect ratio

Question 50

capacity of compression member

Answer 50

STABILITY

Question 51

Compression member

Answer 51

COLUMNS

Question 52

deflection/imperfection of members in manufacturing process

Answer 52

CAMBERS

Question 53

change of shape of steel under earthquake

Answer 53

PLASTIC BEHAVIOR OF STEEL

Question 54

induced lateral load due to gravity load

Answer 54

P-DELTA EFFECT

Question 55

axial causing more deflection know if the structure is stable/unstable

Answer 55

P-DELTA EFFECT

Question 56

number of iterations?

Answer 56

minimum of 10 iterations set a limit

Question 57

if iterations are increasing

Answer 57

DIVERGENCE (collapse)

Question 58

if iterations are decreasing and approaching to zero

Answer 58

CONVERGENCE OF DEFLECTION (STABLE)

Question 59

loads resulting from inaccuracies and imperfections introduced into the structure during its construction

Answer 59

NOTIONAL LOAD