Module 6 Flashcards
What are the four steps to the investigative process?
- Identify a question or problem
- Collect relevant data on the topic
- Analyze the data
- Form a conclusion
What are the three relationships that exist between variables?
- Association
- Causation
- No relationship
What are observational studies?
When someone observes what happens to see if there is a relationship
What is an experimental study?
When there is a control group and a placebo group; they give evidence of a causation relationship between variables
What is a lurking variable?
A variable that is associated with both variables, but not included in the study.
What is Simpson’s Paradox?
A counterintuitive situation that occurs when a trend or result that appears in groups of data disappears when we combine the groups.
What is always the cause of Simpson’s Paradox?
A lurking variable
What is regression analysis?
When multiple variables’ quantities relate to each other–an extension of scatterplots, associations and correlations used for prediction. It is used to describe a trend or predict future values based on known values.
What is the regression equation?
The alebraic equation that models the regression. It does not need to be linear.
On a scatterplot, where do we place the explanatory variable?
On the x axis
On a scatterplot, where do we place the response variable?
On the y axis
In the equation y = mx + b; what is the slope of the line?
m
What is least squares estimation?
An estimation technique for linear regression: the criteria by which the best-fit line is selected for paired data. A method that minimizes the squared distances of data points from a line that captures the trend in paired data.
What is interpolation?
Predicting data between known data points
What is extrapolation?
Predicting data outside of the range of known data points
