Module 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is split brain

A

A surgery that cuts the axon between the two hemispheres (corpus callosum)

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2
Q

Why would someone have split brain surgery? What are the consequences?

A

To stop seizure. The hemispheres can no longer communicate (perception, language)

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3
Q

What side of the body starts acting on it’s own when the hemispheres are split?

A

the left

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4
Q

what is hemispheric specialization?

A

The idea that each hemisphere has separate functions

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5
Q

if the left visual field is shown an image in a split brain person would they be able to tell you what the image is?

A

No. The left side of the brain process language

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6
Q

What does denett’s video teach

A

consciousness is the result of several processes in the brain that can operate independently and interact with one another depending on what the task demands.

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7
Q

define consciousness content

A

subjective experience of internal and external world

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8
Q

define state of consciousness

A

refers to different levels of arousal and attention

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9
Q

define attention

A

the process of selecting information from the internal and external environments to prioritize for processing.

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10
Q

when you hear a loud noise in a quiet room, it is likely that you will immediately stop what you are doing and search for the source of the noise. What is this called
a. attention
b. passive attention
c. active attention

A

b. passive attention

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11
Q

what is active attention?

A

when attention is directed by goals and top-down processing

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12
Q

define selective attention.

A

occurs when you attend to one source of information while simultaneously ignoring other stimuli.

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13
Q

define stimulus salience

A

some stimuli capture attention due to physical properties (bright light in dim room, loud noise in quiet room)

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14
Q

when your attention is diverted from a salience of a stimulus this is called
A. SELECTIVE ATTENTION

B. ATTENTION DEFIANCE

C. ATTENTIONAL CAPTURE

A

C. ATTENTIONAL CAPTURE

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15
Q

What is the cocktail party effect?

A

an example of selective attention. a situation in where an individual suppresses other stimuli in an active environment to pay attention to the conversation

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16
Q

when a person is simultaneously doing two tasks at once this is known as

A

divided attention

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17
Q

automaticity is a type of

A

divided attention

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17
Q

define inattentional blindness

A

tendency to miss changes when attention is engaged elsewhere

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17
Q

what was Cortney and woods experiment?

A

City names and electrical shock

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17
Q

Experiments that use the flicker task are known as

A

intentional change detection

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18
Q

what is inhibition

A

the act of your brain zoning out other information to focus on a specific task

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19
Q

what is a subliminal stimuli

A

a sensory stimulus that is processed but does not reach the threshold for conscious perception

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20
Q

French music played in a liquor store, people were more likely to purchase French wine than German wine; however, if the music in the store was recognizably German, patrons purchased German wine more often. What type of processing is occuring

a. internal processing

b. external processing

c. subconscious processing

d. subliminal processing

A

c. subconscious processing

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21
Q

subliminal processing vs subconscious process

A

things that cannot be picked up quickly enough to process vs stimulus that affect our actions without noticing

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22
Q

difference between inattentional blindness and change blindness

A

Inattentional blindness – not change blindness – explains a person’s failure to notice it because the average person is not actively looking for it. (If you were actively looking for it and still missed it, this would be change blindness instead).

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23
Q

what is fatal familial insomnia

A

rare hereditary disease affecting the thalamus, which causes individuals to die from lack of sleep.

24
Q

what are Electroencephalograms (EEGs) electrooculograms , and electromyograms

A

measure activity across the surface of the brain,

are used to measure the movements of your eyes as you sleep

are used to measure the tension in the muscles of the jaw

25
Q

beta waves

A

irregular, mostly low amplitude, waves that occur with a frequency of 13–30 Hz

brain waves that appear on EEG when person is awake and activley processing something

also appears during rem

26
Q

alpha activity

A

look far more regular and predictable and occur at 8–12 Hz.

quietly resting

27
Q

theta waves

A

(3.5–7.5 Hz)

person is deeply relaxed/falling asleep

28
Q

what are sleep spindles? what are the correlated with?

A

occur roughly two to five times per minute during the non-REM stages of sleep

a higher IQ/memory consolidation

29
Q

what are k complexes? what stage do they occur? what happens if woken up? what is it preparing for?

A

they occur during stage 2 burst of activity on EEG

If woken up during this stage you would have no idea you fell asleep

preparing for delta waves

30
Q

when does slow-wave sleep (SWS)

A

occurs after 15-20 minutes after onset of stage 2

31
Q

delta activity? Hz? amplitude? what happens if you wake up?

A

Delta is easily recognizable, consisting of slow (less than 4 Hz), regular, high-amplitude waves.

Only a strong stimulus will wake you, and you will feel groggy and confused upon waking.

32
Q

what stages are considered no rem sleep

A

1, 2, SWS

33
Q

at what time does the brain change dramtically
30 minutes
1 hour
45 minutes
25 minutes

A

45 minutes of slow wave sleep we go into REM

34
Q

what happens during REM? what do EEG look like?

A

eye begin to move side to side under eyelid.
look similar to us awake

35
Q

Studies suggest that we generally become paralyzed during REM sleep, a phenomenon known as

A

REM sleep antonia

36
Q

is it easier to wake up during REM or Slow wave sleep (SWS)

A

REM

37
Q

what stage of sleep are we dreaming those storyline sleeps

A

REM

38
Q

whats insomnia

A

inability to fall asleep or stay asleep

39
Q

define sleep hygiene

A

behavioral practice that promote sleep

40
Q

define Conditioned insomnia

A

cues that are associated with falling asleep cause anxiety and inability to sleep

41
Q

idiopathic insomnia

A

child onset insomnia, begins in childhood and is experienced through adulthood.

resistant to treatment

42
Q

hypersomnia

A

characterized by excessive sleepiness

caused by poor sleep quality

43
Q

sleep apnea

A

person stops breathing in night causing them to wake up multiple times a night

44
Q

narcolepsy

A

rare genetic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by several symptoms, most notably a sudden and extreme need to sleep.

45
Q

cataplexy

A

muscle weakness or, in some circumstances, complete paralysis during waking hours associated with narcolepsy

46
Q

(hypnagogic hallucinations) vs (hypnopompic hallucinations)

A

before sleeping vs before waking

47
Q

REM sleep behavior disorder

A

inability of brain to paralyze itself during sleep

48
Q

somnambulism

A

complex behavior’s during SWS like driving walking

49
Q

define biological clocks

A

they prepare the body for daily, seasonal and annual rythms

50
Q

define circadian rhythms

A

body clock that dictates sleep wake cycle

51
Q

define zeitgebers

A

cues from the environment that set biological clock

52
Q

jet lag

A

when you travel to a different time zone and body is out of sync with external world

53
Q

what is the suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

next to optic chiasm which sets the body’s circadian clock

54
Q

whats a psychoactive drug

A

substances that influence mood, thoughts, or behavior (not including food)

55
Q

drug tolerance

A

the increase tolerability of a specific drug

56
Q

alcohol influences

A

depressant
inhibits glutamate (memory)
increases effctiveness GABA (relax)
increase dopamine (reward)

57
Q

what do barbiturates do?

A

cause sedation and sleep
benzodiazepine
highly addictive

58
Q

what are stimulants

A

rugs that increase the activity of the nervous system

59
Q

caffein blocks what neurotransmitter? is it a depressant or stimulant

A

adenosine. depressant

60
Q

nictoine

A

stimulate acetcholyine
release dopamine
improves cognitive task functions