Module 6 Flashcards
(44 cards)
General intelligence, also known as _______________, refers to a general mental ability that, according to Spearman, underlies multiple specific skills, including verbal, spatial, numerical and mechanical.
g factor
_________________, an English psychologist, established the two-factor theory of intelligence back in 1904
Charles Spearman
_______________ is a procedure through which the correlation of related variables are evaluated to find an underlying factor that explains this correlation.
Factor analysis
_______________challenged the concept of a g-factor. After analyzing data from 56 different tests of mental abilities, he identified a number of primary mental abilities that comprise intelligence, as opposed to one general factor.
Thurstone
The seven primary mental abilities in Thurstone’s model are:
verbal comprehension, verbal fluency, number facility, spatial visualization, perceptual speed, memory, and inductive reasoning
Ability to use words quickly and fluency in performing such tasks as rhyming, solving anagrams, and doing crossword puzzles
Word fluency
Ability to understand the meaning of words, concepts, and ideas.
Verbal comprehension
Ability to use numbers to quickly compute answers to problems.
Numerical ability
Ability to visualize and manipulate patterns and forms in space.
Spatial visualization
Ability to grasp perceptual details quickly and accurately and to determine similarities and differences between stimuli.
Perceptual Speed
Ability to recall information such as lists or words, mathematical formulas, and definitions
Memory
Ability to derive general rules and principles from presented information.
Inductive reasoning
Following the work of Thurstone, American psychologist _________________ built off the idea that there are multiple forms of intelligence. He proposed that there is no single intelligence, but rather distinct, independent multiple intelligences exist, each representing unique skills and talents relevant to a certain category.
Howard Gardner
Gardner initially proposed seven multiple intelligences:
linguistic
logical-mathematical
spatial
musical
bodily-kinesthetic
interpersonal
intrapersonal
naturalist intelligence.
(well-developed verbal skills and sensitivity to the sounds, meanings and rhythms of words)
Verbal-linguistic intelligence
(ability to think conceptually and abstractly, and capacity to discern logical and numerical patterns)
Logical-mathematical intelligence
(capacity to think in images and pictures, to visualize accurately and abstractly)
Spatial-visual intelligence
(ability to control one’s body movements and to handle objects skillfully)
Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
(ability to produce and appreciate rhythm, pitch and timber)
Musical intelligences
(capacity to detect and respond appropriately to the moods, motivations and desires of others)
Interpersonal intelligence
(capacity to be self-aware and in tune with inner feelings, values, beliefs and thinking processes)
Intrapersonal
(ability to recognize and categorize plants, animals and other objects in nature)
Naturalist intelligence
(sensitivity and capacity to tackle deep questions about human existence such as, “What is the meaning of life? Why do we die? How did we get here?”)
Existential intelligence
He proposed a three-category theory of intelligence, integrating components that were lacking in Gardner’s theory. This theory is based on the definition of intelligence as the ability to achieve success based on your personal standards and your sociocultural context.
Robert Sternberg
