Module 6 - Chemistry in Biology

Question 1

What are atoms?

Answer 1

the building blocks of matter

Question 2

What is a nucleus?

Answer 2

THe center of an atom

Question 3

What are protons?

Answer 3

Positively charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus

Question 4

What are neutrons?

Answer 4

Subatomic particles found in the nucleus with no charge

Question 5

What are electrons?

Answer 5

Negatively charged particles found outside the nucleus in energy levels.

Question 6

What is an element?

Answer 6

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means. Made of only one type of atom

Question 7

What is an isotope?

Answer 7

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

Question 8

What is a compound?

Answer 8

A pure substance formed when two or more different elements combine chemically

Question 9

What is an ion?

Answer 9

an atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons

Question 10

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 10

An electrical attraction between two oppositely charged ions or groups of atoms. “Stealing electrons”

Question 11

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 11

A chemical bond that forms when electrons are shared. Stronger than ionic.

Question 12

What is a molecule?

Answer 12

a compound in which the atoms are held together by covalent bonds.

Question 13

What is a chemical reaction?

Answer 13

the process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances.

Question 14

What are reactants?

Answer 14

the starting substances, on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation.

Question 15

What are products?

Answer 15

The substances formed during the reaction, right side of the arrow in a chemical equation.

Question 16

What is activation energy?

Answer 16

the minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction

Question 17

What is a catalyst?

Answer 17

A substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction.

Question 18

What are enzymes?

Answer 18

Proteins that act as biological catalysts during biochemical reactions. Essential to many life processes

Question 19

What are substrates?

Answer 19

The reactants that bind to the enzyme

Question 20

What is an active site?

Answer 20

The specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme

Question 21

What are polar molecules?

Answer 21

molecules that have an unequal distribution of charges

Question 22

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 22

a weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom from a different molecule.

Question 23

What is a mixture?

Answer 23

A combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its individual characteristics and properites.

Question 24

What is a homogeneous mixture?

Answer 24

A mixture with a uniform composition throughout

Question 25

What is a solution?

Answer 25

A homogeneous mixture with a substance dissolved in another.

Question 26

What is a solvent?

Answer 26

A substance in which another substance is dissolved

Question 27

What is a solute?

Answer 27

The substance that is dissolved in the solvent.

Question 28

What is a heterogenous mixture?

Answer 28

A mixture in which the components remain distinct.

Question 29

What is a colloid?

Answer 29

A heterogenous mixture in which the particles do not settle out

Question 30

What are acids?

Answer 30

Substances that release hydrogen ions with they are dissolved in water

Question 31

What are bases?

Answer 31

Substances that release hydroxide ions when they are dissolved in water

Question 32

What is pH?

Answer 32

The measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

Question 33

What are buffers?

Answer 33

Mixtures that can react with acids or bases to keep the pH within a particular range

Question 34

What are macromolecules?

Answer 34

Large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together

Question 35

What are polymers?

Answer 35

Molecules made from repeating units of identical or nearly identical compounds (monomers) that are linked together by a series of covalent bonds.

Question 36

What are the categories of macromolecules?

Answer 36

Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

Question 37

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 37

Compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio of oneoxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom. (CH2O)n

Question 38

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 38

Simple sugars, 3-7 units of CH2O in a chain

Question 39

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 39

Two monosaccharides joined together

Question 40

What factors affect enzyme activity?

Answer 40

Temperature, pH, inhibitors (substances that block the active site or change its shape)

Question 41

What are lipids?

Answer 41

molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen. Make fats, oils, and waxes. Composed of fatty acids, and glycerol

Question 42

What is the primary function of lipids?

Answer 42

Store energy

Question 43

What are saturated fats?

Answer 43

Lipids that have tail chains with only single bonds between the carbon atoms.

Question 44

What are unsaturated fats?

Answer 44

Lipids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms in the tail chain and can accommodate at least one more hydrogen

Question 45

What are polyunsaturated fats?

Answer 45

Fats with more than one double bond in the tail.

Question 46

What are phospholipids?

Answer 46

A lipid responsible for the structure and function of the cell membrane. Polar head and two nonpolar tails

Question 47

What are steroids?

Answer 47

A type of lipid including chelesterol and hormones.

Question 48

What are proteins?

Answer 48

A compound made of small carbon compounds called amino acids.

Question 49

What are amino acids?

Answer 49

Small compounds that are made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur.

Question 50

How many different types of amino acids are there?

Answer 50

20

Question 51

What purposes do amino acids serve?

Answer 51

Make up 15% of total body mass, involved in nearly every function of your body, form muscles, skin, hair, structural support for cells, transport substances inside and between cells.

Question 52

What are nucleic acids?

Answer 52

Complex macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information.

Question 53

What are the two type of nucleic acids in living organisms?

Answer 53

DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid RNA - Ribonucleic acid

Question 54

What are nucleotides?

Answer 54

Subunits that make up nucleic acids composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and hydrogen.

Question 55

What are the types of nucleotides?

Answer 55

Adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine