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KIN 316 - Biomechanics of Tissue > Module 6 - Muscle Force-Velocity Relationship > Flashcards

Module 6 - Muscle Force-Velocity Relationship Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What does the force-length relationship describe?

A
  • Sarcomere or muscle behaviour at a constant length
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2
Q

What do most daily activities involve?

A
  • Muscle shortening or lengthening
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3
Q

What describes daily activities better force-length or force-velocity relationship?

A
  • Force-velocity relationship
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4
Q

What does the force-velocity relationship describe?

A
  • Force generated by a muscle as a function of velocity under constant load (isotonic)
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5
Q

What is the most important dynamic property of muscles?

A
  • Force-Velocity relationship
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6
Q

Is the force-velocity relationship linked to a specific anatomical structure?

A
  • No
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7
Q

What does the force-velocity relationship describe?

A
  • Muscle force under concentric isometric and eccentric muscle actions
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8
Q

What happens during a concentric action?

A
  • Lift a load smaller than max
  • Isometric tension generated
  • Muscle shortens
  • Force smaller than P0
  • As load increases, velocity decreases
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9
Q

What happens during an eccentric action?

A
  • Load is larger than the max
  • Isometric tension generated
  • Muscle lengthens
  • Force larger than P0
  • Absolute tension independent of volocity
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10
Q

What is larger? tension for eccentric action or concentric action

A
  • Eccentric Action
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11
Q

What is the force-velocity relationship for concentric action?

A
  • Force drops rapidly as velocity increases (50%Fmax, 17%Vmax)
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12
Q

What are the therapeutic implications of the force-velocity relationship of a concentric action?

A
  • Muscles are strengthened at least partly based on force placed across them
  • Exercise at high velocity imply muscles are contracting with low force
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13
Q

What is a general rule to improve strengthening with concentric action?

A
  • Keep velocity low
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14
Q

What might high velocity do for concentric action?

A
  • Improve muscle activation by CNS
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15
Q

What is common following eccentric action exercise?

A
  • Muscle soreness
  • INjury
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16
Q

What are the greatest muscle-strengthening techniques?

A
  • Eccentric Action exercise
  • Maximum Force
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17
Q

Why might eccentric exercise be a good option for those with breathing disorders?

A
  • low energic cost
  • High force generation
  • improves muscle force generation
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18
Q

What issues might arise from eccentric exercise?

A
  • Delayed Onset Muscle System (DOMS)
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19
Q

What must be done with eccentric exercise to limit DOMS?

A
  • Magnitude and Duration increases gradually
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20
Q

What does the active force during the concentric action of a muscle depend on?

A
  • Total number of cross-bridge connections between actin and myosin
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21
Q

What does the cross-bridge model account for during eccentric action?

A
  • can account for increased force
  • The proportion of attached cross-bridges increases
  • cross-bridges distribution distances increase
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22
Q

What can the cross-bridge model not explain in eccentric forces?

A
  • Force increase for slow stretching velocities
  • energy requirements are overestimated
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23
Q

Are isometric strength and muscle velocity the same thing?

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A

NO
- two distinct muscular abilities

24
Q

What must we be careful about when examining a patient?

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A
  • the test we choose to evaluate strength
25
What are the tests to test strength?
- one repetition maxima vs - Maximal Isometric force at a specific joint angle
26
What are the domains of muscular strength testing?
- Static - Dynamic - Explosive - Stoppin
27
What corresponds closely with force-velocity relationship?
- Domains of muscular strength testing
28
Does the shape of force-velocity curve change with training?
No - Can be shifted upwards (towards Fmax) - Rightward (towards Vmax)
29
What does an upward shift in force-velocity curve mean?
- Movement towards Fmax
30
What does a rightward shift in force-velocity curve mean?
- Movement towards Vmax
31
What would athletes maximizing movement speed train with?
- lower weights - Higher speeds of movement
32
What would athletes who are maximizing force output train with?
- Higher weights - Lower repetitions
33
What part of the muscle does the force-velocity relationship correlate with?
- Whole Muscle
34
What are the effects of muscle length between two muscles with identical physiological cross-sectional area?
- Increases Vmax - Peak tension developed by the muscle remains the same
35
What does a muscle with a longer fiber have?
- more sarcomeres arranged in series
36
What do longer muscle fibers with more sarcomeres arranged in series have?
- slower sarcomere shortening velocity (for same muscle shortening velocity)
37
What is the force-velocity profile of predominantly FF motor units (FG fibers) compared to S motor units (SO fibers)?
Given same number of sarcomeres in series - Generate greater velocity of shortening for FF motor units
38
What is the peak tension of FF motor units?
- 25-50ms
39
What is the peak tension of S motor Units?
- 60-120ms
40
According to the force-length-velocity relationship, why would muscle force change?
- Change in length - Change in velocity
41
Why are the force-length and force-velocity relationships fairly unrealistic?
They require the force at: - constant length OR - constant load
42
What can the force-length-velocity relationship estimate?
- Muscle force produced when both length and velocity change
43
When the muscle shortening velocity is high, like in concentric action, how will force be affected?
The force will be low - irrespective of muscle length
44
What is an important force modulator at low concentric velocities?
- Muscle Length
45
What dominates length as a determinant of muscle force for slow-lengthening velocities like in eccentric actions?
- Muscle Velocity
46
What does strength training do to muscles?
- Makes them intrinsically slower
47
What is larger from strength training the hypertrophy of Slow Oxidative fibers or Fast-glycolytic fibers?
- Slow-Oxidative Fibers
48
What might happen to slow fibers following strength training?
- Increase in proportion
49
Compare the shortening time of fast muscle fibers to slow muscle fibers when accounting for muscle length differences
- Fast muscle fibers shorten 2-3 times faster than slow muscle fibers
50
What does strength training do relative to PCSA and maximal force?
- Increase both
51
Why would you recommend strength training for high-level sprinters?
- Decrease in Muscle Velocity correlates to an Increase in Muscle Force
52
What is the equation for power?
P = F * V P = Power F = Force V = Velocity
53
What can increasing muscle force do?
- Increase Muscle Power
54
When does power reach its peak during muscle shortening?
- Around 30-50% velocity
55
When does peak power not occur?
At either extreme of - Force - Velocity
56
What is running speed correlated with?
Muscular and Structural Factors - Percentage of fast-twitch fibers - Length of muscle fascicles

KIN 316 - Biomechanics of Tissue (11 decks)

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