Module 6: Perpetuation of Life (2nd Grading Period)

Question 1

It is derived from the word PERPETUATE which means for something to carry on.

Answer 1

Perpetuation

Question 2

2 Types of Reproduction:

Answer 2

1. Sexual Reproduction
2. Asexual Reproduction

Question 3

It looks like true bulbs but they are solid, so they do not have layers of modified leaves. As the leaves and flowers grow, they absorb the nutrients and the corm shrivels up and disappears.

One or more additional corms are produced through the growing season and that’s how the plant regenerates itself.

Answer 3

Corms

Question 4

Examples of Corms:

Answer 4

1. Crocus
2. Gladiolas
3. Tuberous Begonias

Question 5

Horticulturalists call these true bulbs to differentiate them from all the other types.

Answer 5

Bulb

Question 6

It consist of layers of modified leaves and contain a miniature flower or sprout in the center.

Answer 6

True Bulbs

Question 7

Examples of True Bulbs:

Answer 7

1. Garlic
2. Amaryllis
3. Tulips
4. Daffodils
5. Lilies

Question 8

These are usually short and thickened and typically grow below the soil.

Largely composed of starch-storing parenchyma tissue, they constitute the resting stage of various plants and enable overwintering in many species.

Answer 8

Tubers

Question 9

Examples of Tubers:

Answer 9

1. Potato
2. Kumara (Storage Root)
3. Yam
4. Taro
5. Jerusalem Artichoke
6. Ulluco

Question 10

In botany and dendrology, a ___ (/ˈraɪzoʊm/, from Ancient Greek: rhízōma “mass of roots”, from rhizóō “cause to strike root”) is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes.

___ are also called Creeping Rootstalks or just Rootstalks.

Answer 10

Rhizomes

Question 11

It is also known as runners, are plants that propagate horizontally.

Although these plants have roots, they attach their stems to the ground and let roots grow from their stems.

Answer 11

Stolon

Question 12

This type of reproduction in plants involves the production of male and female gametes, the transfer of the male gametes to the female ovules in a process.

Answer 12

Pollination

Question 13

It produces haploid microscopic gametophytes that are dependent on tissues produced by the flower.

Answer 13

Sporophyte

Question 14

Two Kinds of Gametophytes:

Answer 14

1. Male
2. Female

Question 15

It arises from a cell within the ovule , a small structure within the ovary of the flower.

Answer 15

Female Gametophyte

Question 16

It consists of the stigma, style, and ovary.

Answer 16

Carpel

Question 17

Each ovule is attached to ovary tissue by a stalk called the ___.

Answer 17

Funicle

Question 18

The point of attachment of the funicle to the ovary is called the ___.

Answer 18

Placenta

Question 19

As the flower develops from a bud, a cell within an ovule called the ___ enlarges to form an embryo-sac mother cell (EMC).

Answer 19

Archespore

Question 20

It divides by meiosis to produce four megaspores. In this process the number of chromosomes is reduced from two sets in the ___ to one set in the megaspores, making the megaspores haploid.

Answer 20

EMC or Embryo-Sac Mother Cell

Question 21

It is produced in the anthers, which are attached at the distal end of filaments.

Answer 21

Pollen

Question 22

The ___ is the mature, fertilized ovule. After fertilization, the haploid cells of the embryo sac disintegrate.

Answer 22

Seed

Question 23

As the flower matures, cells in the anther divide mitotically to produce ___.

It is divided by meiosis to produce haploid microspores in groups of four called tetrads.

Answer 23

Pollen Mother Cells or PMC

Question 24

The microspores are housed within a single layer of cells called the ___, which provides nutrition to the developing pollen grains.

Answer 24

Tapetum

Question 25

It begins when the pollen tube grows into one of the two synergid cells in the embryo sac, possibly as a result of chemical attraction to calcium.

Answer 25

Double Fertilization

Question 26

The maternally derived diploid cells of the ovule develop into the hard, water-resistant outer covering of the seed.

Answer 26

Testa or Seed Coat

Question 27

It develops into the embryo, and the triploid endosperm cells multiply and provide nutrition.

Answer 27

Diploid Zygote

Question 28

It is the movement of pollen from the stamens to the stigma, where germination and growth of the pollen tube occur.

Answer 28

Pollination

Question 29

These are reproductive cells that are able to develop into a new individual without fusing with another cell (in contrast, seeds are formed when male and female gametes join together).

Answer 29

Spores

Question 30

Types of Asexual Reproductions in Animals:

Answer 30

1. Fission
2. Budding
3. Fragmentation
4. Parthenogenesis

Question 31

It occurs in prokaryotic microorganisms and in some invertebrate, multi-celled organisms.

Answer 31

Fission

Question 32

It is a form of asexual reproduction that results from the outgrowth of a part of a cell or body region leading to a separation from the original organism into two individuals.

Answer 32

Budding

Question 33

Many sea stars reproduce asexually by ___.

Answer 33

Fragmentation

Question 34

It is a form of asexual reproduction where an egg develops into a complete individual without being fertilized.

Answer 34

Parthenogenesis

Question 35

3 Stages of Sexual Animal Reproduction:

Answer 35

1. Gametogenesis (Gametes Production)
2. Spawning or Mating (Uniting the Gametes)
3. Fertilization (Marrying of Gametes)

Question 36

It occurs in animals in which one individual has both male and female reproductive systems.

Answer 36

Hermaphroditism

Question 37

It is more common in animals that have limited mobility or are not motile, such as barnacles and clams.

Answer 37

Self-Fertilization

Question 38

It usually occurs in aquatic environments where both eggs and sperm are released into the water.

Answer 38

External Fertilization

Question 39

It occurs most often in terrestrial animals, although some aquatic animals also use this method.

Answer 39

Internal Fertilization