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NHM 509 > Module 6: Qualitative Research > Flashcards

Module 6: Qualitative Research Flashcards

1
Q

What are Type of Data Collection Methods?

A
  1. Individual Interviews
  2. Group Interviews
  3. Observation
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2
Q

Focus group

A

fosters open discussion among group members, agreement is NOT needed

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3
Q

Nominal group

A

more controlled, agreement within the group MUST be achieved

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4
Q

Delphi process

A

similar to the nominal group, but the process is conducted by mail or email rather than a group meeting

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5
Q

Structured interviews

A

can be compared to a survey in that very specific questions are asked in a standard order. There is not an opportunity to go off topic. Good for gathering very specific information

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6
Q

Unstructured interview

A

guided more by the participants and can go in many different directions. The researcher will introduce a topic, but how the participants replies & what directions that conversation goes is uncontrolled.

-Good for gathering thoughts, feelings, and exploring topics from a broader perspective

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7
Q

Semi-structured interviews

A

combine components of both the structured and unstructured interviews, by using specific questions that are phrased to allow a broader response them you would get in a structured interview

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8
Q

Observation data collection methods

A

occurs in the participant’s natural setting, or a research environment simulating a specific situation
-time intensive
-details can be missed
-participants may change behavior if they know they are being observed

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9
Q

What are 2 types of Observation Data Collection?

A
  1. Covert
  2. Interactive
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10
Q

Primary documents

A

those that are the main focus of your study

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11
Q

Secondary documents

A

those written about the primary documents (supporting data)

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12
Q

Auxiliary documents

A

those that are relevant, but not central or foundational, to the research question

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13
Q

What type of sampling method is this?

Sampling the easiest available participants to save time, money, and/or effort

A

Convenience

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14
Q

What type of sampling method is this?

Sampling to include extreme viewpoints to compare the full spectrum of an issue

A

Extreme case

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15
Q

What type of sampling method is this?

Sampling a cohort of participants with a shared experience or phenomenon in common

A

Homogeneous

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16
Q

What type of sampling method is this?

Sampling a wide variety of participants

A

Maximum variation

17
Q

What type of sampling method is this?

Sampling a specific group with known characteristics in common

A

Purposeful

18
Q

What type of sampling method is this?

Sampling based on preconceived notions of who might have an experience or who might have the clearest insight into a topic

A

Selective

19
Q

What type of sampling method is this?

Starting with a purposeful sample, then adding other participants that your original participants identify. Repeat the cycle until data saturation occurs

A

Snowball

20
Q

What are 3 types of Data Analysis?

A
  1. Transcription
  2. Coding
  3. Codebook
21
Q

How many methods of ‘trustworthiness’ should you use in a study design?

A

At least 2

22
Q

What are 5 Types of Trustworthiness study designs?

A
  1. Adoption of a pre-identified research method.
  2. Detailed, thick descriptions (getting as much info and detail as you can)
  3. Member checking
  4. Triangulation (using multiple data sources or methods)
  5. Frequent peer review or debriefing
23
Q

What type of bias is this?

Occurs when the participant chooses to agree with the moderator or researcher. Some participants may agree just to complete the interview. This happens typically once fatigue sets in.

A

Acquiescence bias

24
Q

What type of bias is this?

Many participants respond inaccurately just so they can be liked, or be better accepted, especially in the case of sensitive questions.

A

Social desirability bias

25
Q

What type of bias is this?

Occurs when participants provide the same answers, in response to similarly worded questions, just as a matter of habit.

A

Habituation bias

26
Q

What type of bias is this?

Can occur if a participant is opinionated about the sponsor of the research, or get influenced by the sponsors reputation or mission statement.

A

Sponsor bias

27
Q

These strategies will provide what type of bias?

-Asking open-ended questions
-Asking the question in different ways or using direct questions that allow the participant to select from a range of potential choices, rather than ‘yes’ or ‘no’

A

Acquiescence bias

28
Q

These strategies will provide what type of bias?

-Phrase the questions in a manner that allows the participant to feel accepted no matter what the answer is
-Ask ‘indirect’ questions

A

Social Desirability bias

29
Q

These strategies will provide what type of bias?

-Word different questions differently
-Make questions engaging

A

Habituation Bias

30
Q

These strategies will provide what type of bias?

Maintain visual and verbal neutrality so as to NOT influence the participants responses

A

Sponsor Bias

31
Q

What type of bias is this?

The most common and highly recognized bias; it occurs when a researcher interprets the data to support his or her hypothesis. Researchers may also omit data that does not favor their hypothesis.

A

Confirmation bias

32
Q

What type of bias is this?

When some questions may influence the response to subsequent questions. Participants may compare and judge subsequent questions based on their response to the first question, resulting in a biased and inaccurate answer.

A

Question-Order Bias

33
Q

What type of bias is this?

When questions lead or prompt the participants in the direction of a probable outcome, resulting in biased answers.

A

Leading Questions and Wording Bias

34
Q

These strategies will provide what type of bias?

-Consider all data obtained and analyze it with a clear and biased mind
-Have an independent person analyze data
-Continually re-evaluate impressions and responses
-Deliberately reject pre-existing assumptions

A

Confirmation bias

35
Q

These strategies will provide what type of bias?

-Consider potential bias and order the questions suitably
-Ask general questions first, before moving to specific/sensitive question

A

Question-Order bias

36
Q

These strategies will provide what type of bias?

-Keep questions simple
-Be careful to avoid words that could introduce bias
-Avoid leading questions

A

Leading Questions and Wording bias

NHM 509 (9 decks)

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