MODULE 7

Question 1

a unique system bases perspective that provides unifying focus for approaching a wide range of nursing concerns

Answer 1

betty neuman

systems model

Question 2

betty neuman’s system model is based on?

Answer 2

based on person’s relationship to stress, his
reaction to it, and reconstitution

Question 3

betty neuman considered person as a? which is composed of basic structure of energy resources, what are those 5 resources?

Answer 3

open system

physiologic, psychologic, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual

Question 4

the basic structure or central core is surrounded by?

Answer 4

two concentric boundaries or rings called line of resistance

Question 5

the lines represent the internal factors that aid the person defend against?

Answer 5

stressors

Question 6

two types of lines of defense or resistance

Answer 6

first line of defense
second line of defense

Question 7

what is first line of defense

Answer 7

normal line of defense
the person’s state of equilibrium (balance)
the state of adaption developed and maintained over time

Question 8

what is second line of defense

Answer 8

flexible
dynamic
readily and rapidly changed over a short period of time

Question 9

stressors is classified into 3, what are those?

Answer 9

intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extra-personal stressors

Question 10

man’s reaction to stress is dependent on the?

Answer 10

integrity of the lines of resistance and defense

Question 11

man’s way to adapt to stressors is called

Answer 11

reconstitution

• occurs following the treatment of stressors reactions
• marks the return of the client system to stability

Question 12

characterized by elements that are in continuous exchange within a complex organization

Answer 12

open system

• exchanges may be in the form of information or energy
• basic to this is stress and stress reaction

Question 12

variables that encompass aspects of body structure and function.

Answer 12

Physiologic Variables

Question 12

3 levels of prevention or preventive interventions

Answer 12

primary, secondary and tertiary

Question 13

developed unconsciously by the client in order to express the wholeness of the system by using symbols

Answer 13

created environment

Question 13

It is composed of five system variables interacting with the environment. These variables include physiologic, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual aspects.

Answer 13

Client System

Question 13

variables that include mental processes that interact with the environment.

Answer 13

Psychological Variables

Question 13

refer to the effects and influences of social and cultural conditions.

Answer 13

Sociocultural Variables

Question 14

variables that is related to age-related processes and activities throughout an individual’s life.

Answer 14

Developmental Variables

Question 15

variables encompass beliefs and influences related to spirituality.

Answer 15

Spiritual Variables

Question 16

consists of a central core surrounded by concentric rings.

Answer 16

Basic Client Structure

Question 17

The _____ reflects the client’s basic survival factors or energy resources.

Answer 17

core

Question 18

represent resources that help the client defend against stressors.

Answer 18

Lines of Resistance

Question 19

acts as a protective layer to prevent stressors from breaking through the usual state of wellness.

Answer 19

Flexible Line of Defense

Question 19

3 factors of flexible line of defense?

Answer 19

intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extra-personal factors

Question 20

are purposeful actions aimed at helping the client retain, attain, or maintain the stability of the client system. These interventions are carried out when a stressor is either suspected or identified.

Answer 20

Preventive Interventions

Question 21

are carried out when a stressor is suspected or identified. The degree of risk is already known, but the client's reaction may not yet be visible.

Answer 21

primary level

Question 22

the level which aims to prevent disease or injury before it ever occurs.

Answer 22

primary level

Question 23

intervening before health effects occur, through measures such as vaccinations, altering risky behaviors (poor eating habits, tobacco use), and banning substances known to be associated with a disease or health condition

Answer 23

primary level

Question 24

Teaching a person about weight reduction to decrease the client's chances of developing diabetes.

Answer 24

primary level

Question 25

are carried out when symptoms resulting from stress have already occurred. They involve activities aimed at treating the symptoms.

Answer 25

Secondary preventive interventions/LEVELS

Question 25

screening to identify diseases in the earliest stages, before the onset of signs and symptoms, through measures such as mammography and regular blood pressure testing.

Answer 25

secondary preventive interventions/LEVELS

Question 26

Earliest or foremost importance

Answer 26

primary level

Question 26

comes after or subordinate

Answer 26

secondary preventive interventions/LEVELS

Question 27

means third in order.

Answer 27

Tertiary prevention

Question 28

screening or testing that is done in order to identify diseases or negative health conditions as soon as possible.

Answer 28

secondary preventive interventions/LEVELS

Question 29

Disease is detected and treated early, often before symptoms are present, thus minimizing serious consequences.

Answer 29

secondary preventive interventions/LEVELS

Question 30

Tracking down the sex partners of a person diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (contact tracing) and, if necessary, treating these people to minimize spread of the disease.

Answer 30

secondary preventive interventions/LEVELS

Question 31

Parents who have a disabled child. Initially, they may feel they can never accept this situation, but they are able to draw on resources they were unaware of and eventually find themselves coping well.

Answer 31

secondary preventive interventions/LEVELS

Question 32

occur after active treatment. Their purpose is to readjust the client system toward optimum levels of stability.

Answer 32

Tertiary preventive interventions

Question 33

an existing, usually chronic disease is managed to prevent complications or further damage.

Answer 33

Tertiary preventive interventions

Question 34

refers to the measures that are taken in order to manage disease or negative health conditions after there has been a diagnosis.

Answer 34

Tertiary preventive interventions

Question 35

The goal is to strengthen resistance to stressors to prevent recurrence, reaction, or regression.

Answer 35

Tertiary preventive interventions

Question 36

This is typically done with things like chemotherapy and rehabilitation.

Answer 36

Tertiary preventive interventions

Question 37

Referring a newly diagnosed diabetic client to the Diabetic Resource Nurse.

Answer 37

Tertiary preventive interventions

Question 37

For people with diabetes: Control of blood sugar, excellent skin care, frequent examination of the feet, and frequent exercise to prevent heart and blood vessel disorders

Answer 37

Tertiary preventive interventions

Question 38

For people who have had a stroke: Taking aspirin to prevent a second stroke from occurring

Answer 38

Tertiary preventive interventions

Question 39

Providing supportive and rehabilitative services to prevent deterioration and maximize quality of life, such as rehabilitation from injuries, heart attack, or stroke

Answer 39

Tertiary preventive interventions

Question 39

Preventing complications in people with disabilities, such as preventing pressure sores in those confined to bed.

Answer 39

Tertiary preventive interventions

Question 40

factors that occurs with individua;

Answer 40

intrapersonal

Question 41

factors that occur between one or more individual

Answer 41

interpersonal

Question 42

factors that occur outside the individual

Answer 42

extrapersonal

Question 43

after reconstitution, may be either higher or lower than the previous level before the invasion of the stressor.

Answer 43

Level of Stability

Question 44

the nurse examines the client's basic makeup and identifies known, unknown, and universal stressors.

Answer 44

Step 1: Assessment

Question 45

Predispositions are considered, as they influence how the client deals with stressors. Neuman's five variables (physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual) are used to assess predispositions and stressors.

Answer 45

Step 1: Assessment

Question 46

The client's perception of these stressors is discussed, and the nurse provides input. Stressors are identified as interpersonal, intrapersonal, or extrapersonal.

Answer 46

Step 1: Assessment

Question 47

ex: PATIENT PROFILE

Answer 47

Step 1: Assessment

Question 48

A nurse assesses a patient who has been diagnosed with hypertension (high blood pressure). The assessment includes gathering information about the patient's medical history, lifestyle factors (such as diet and exercise), and current stressors. The nurse also considers the patient's physiological variables (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate), psychological variables (e.g., anxiety levels), sociocultural variables (e.g., family support), developmental variables (e.g., age-related factors), and spiritual variables (e.g., religious beliefs). The patient's perception of stressors related to managing hypertension is discussed, and the nurse provides education on stress management techniques.

Answer 48

Step 1: Assessment

Question 48

Based on the assessment, the nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis for the patient, such as "Ineffective Health Management related to lack of knowledge about hypertension." Collaboratively with the patient, the nurse establishes goals, such as "Patient will achieve and maintain target blood pressure levels through lifestyle modifications." The nurse then plans interventions, which may include teaching the patient about dietary changes, exercise routines, and medication adherence. The nurse implements these interventions by providing education, monitoring the patient's progress, and offering support.

Answer 48

Step 2: Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation

Question 48

describes the context of the whole client as a system.

Answer 48

Step 2: Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation

Question 48

Interventions are planned and carried out at three levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.

Answer 48

Step 2: Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation

Question 48

Goals are determined collaboratively with the client.

Answer 48

Step 2: Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation

Question 49

involves assessing nursing outcomes, including changes in intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extrapersonal factors.

Answer 49

Step 3: Evaluation

Question 50

Any changes in the nature of the stressors are examined, as they determine the success of nursing interventions.

Answer 50

Step 3: Evaluation

Question 51

After several weeks of implementing the nursing interventions, the nurse evaluates the patient's progress. The evaluation includes assessing changes in the patient's blood pressure (intrapersonal factor) and interactions with family members regarding lifestyle changes (interpersonal factor). The nurse also examines any changes in the patient's overall stress level and perception of managing hypertension (extrapersonal factors). If the patient has successfully lowered their blood pressure and adapted to lifestyle changes, the nursing interventions are considered effective. However, if there is no significant change, the nurse may need to collect additional data and adjust the plan accordingly.

Answer 51

Step 3: Evaluation

Question 51

If no change has occurred, further data collection is required, and the nursing process is repeated.

Answer 51

Step 3: Evaluation

Question 52

theory assertations: Each client system is unique and composed of various factors within a range of responses.

Answer 52

BETTY NEUMAN

Question 53

theory assertations: Stressors can be known, unknown, or universal and can disturb a client's stability level.

Answer 53

BETTY NEUMAN

Question 54

TA: The interrelationships of client variables affect the protection provided by the flexible line of defense against stressors.

Answer 54

BETTY NEUMAN

Question 55

TA: When the flexible line of defense cannot protect against a stressor, it breaks through the normal line of defense.

Answer 55

BETTY NEUMAN

Question 56

TA: There's a normal line of defense that serves as a standard for measuring health deviation.

Answer 56

BETTY NEUMAN

Question 57

TA: Clients are dynamic composites of variables, with wellness on a continuum of available energy.

Answer 57

BETTY NEUMAN

Question 58

TA: Internal resistance factors called lines of resistance stabilize and realign the client to wellness.

Answer 58

BETTY NEUMAN