Module 7 Flashcards
These fuels are naturally occurring such as coal, crude oil and natural gas. Those are the fuels that can be mined, reaped, extracted, harvested, or harnessed directly.
Primary fuels
These fuels originated from primary or naturally occurring ones through different physical or chemical processes.
Secondary fuels
This fuel is basically the first one ever used by man in early civilization. Way back then, wood was used to make fire.
Solid fuels
is a fossil fuel and is considered as the largest source of energy as well as the primary source of carbon dioxide emissions worldwide.
Coal
Organic matter from plants accumulate in swamps. Then, as the plants die and get buried, they compact to become peat. As time goes by, more compaction happens thereby losing water resulting to three different grades of coal.
Formation peat
Volatile compounds like water and methane is driven off by the compaction of peat due to burial thus soft-brown colored organic-rich coal called lignite is formed. It contains 20-30% of carbon and 60% moisture. It does not burn efficiently
Formation of ignite
Further compaction and heating results in a more carbon-rich coal called_______. It contains about 85% carbon, readily burns but generates a lot of smoke.
Formation of bituminous coal.
A high-grade coal called anthracite is formed when the rock undergoes metamorphism.
Formation of anthracite coal.
is obtained when coal is heated strongly in the absence of oxygen in a process called carbonization or coking.
Coke
is a man-made product generally prepared by burning wood and sometimes animal matter and extinguishing the fire just before they turn into ash.
Charcoal
This type of fuel originated from the fossilized deposits of dead plants and animals by exposure to heat and pressure in the Earth’s crust.
Liquid fuels
is a naturally accruing, unrefined petroleum product comprised of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic substances.
Crude oil
are refined from crude oil by means of catalytic cracking and fractional distillation.
Refined Petroleum Products
is a mixture of volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbons used as fuel for internal-combustion engines. It is also used as a solvent for oils and fats.
Gasoline or petrol
called paraffin oil, is a flammable hydrocarbon liquid commonly used as a fuel.
Kerosene
also called diesel oil, is a combustible liquid used as fuel for diesel engines, ordinarily obtained from fractions of crude oil that are less volatile than the fractions used in gasoline
Diesel fuels
These fuels are obtained either naturally or by the treatment of a solid or liquid fuel.
Gaseous Fuels
is a colorless highly flammable gaseous hydrocarbon whose major composition is methane and with trace amounts of other components.
Natural gas
It is a type of biofuel that is naturally produced from the decomposition of organic waste. Microbes nourishing on the biomass serve the major role in the biogas production process.
Biogas
is a mixture of flammable gases (principally carbon monoxide and hydrogen) and nonflammable gases (mainly nitrogen and carbon dioxide) made by the partial combustion of carbonaceous substances, usually coal, in an atmosphere of air and steam.
Produces gas
It is any of several liquid mixtures of the volatile hydrocarbons propene, propane, butene, and butane. The normal components are propane and butane.
Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG)
a molecule with low molecular weight that can bond with another low molecular weight molecule to form polymer.
Monomer
British chemist Alexander Parkes treated cellulose with nitric acid and a solvent which
produced __________
nitrocellulose.
polymer is not new. During the ______, scientists had discovered this already.
1800
