module 7 Flashcards
(26 cards)
What does a One-Way Between-Groups ANOVA test for?
A: It tests whether the means of three or more independent groups significantly differ on a continuous dependent variable.
What is a quasi-independent variable?
A: A variable that categorizes groups without true random assignment, e.g., self-reported physical activity level.
In the example of physical activity and cognitive ability, what were the IV and DV?
A: IV: Level of physical activity (low, moderate, high); DV: Cognitive ability score.
What does a significant main effect in ANOVA indicate?
A: That there is a statistically significant difference in the dependent variable between at least two group means.
What is a Tukey HSD test used for?
A: It’s a post-hoc test to find which specific group means differ after finding a significant ANOVA result.
What is the difference between Between-Subjects and Within-Subjects ANOVA?
A: Between-Subjects compares different groups; Within-Subjects compares the same participants across multiple conditions.
What is a Factorial Design in ANOVA?
A: A design involving two or more independent variables (factors) tested simultaneously.
What are main effects in factorial ANOVA?
A: The separate effects of each independent variable on the dependent variable.
What is an interaction effect in factorial ANOVA?
A: When the effect of one independent variable depends on the level of another independent variable.
How do you calculate the number of cells in a factorial design?
A: Multiply the number of levels for each independent variable (e.g., 2 x 3 = 6 cells).
What is a mixed factorial design?
A: A design with at least one between-subjects factor and one within-subjects factor.
What does a significant interaction tell you?
A: That the effect of one IV on the DV changes depending on the level of the other IV.
How can interactions be followed up statistically?
A: With t-tests comparing specific groups to find where differences lie.
Why can factorial designs become complicated with more factors?
A: Because interpreting multiple main effects and interactions across many levels is more complex.
What is a factorial ANOVA design?
A: A factorial ANOVA design examines the effects of two or more independent variables (factors) on a dependent variable, including main effects and interactions
What should be included in a factorial ANOVA design statement?
A: Name of IV(s), number of levels of each IV, names of the levels, manipulation type (between, within, matched, mixed), and dependent variable description.
Give an example of a factorial ANOVA design statement.
A: 2 (nicotine replacement: given, not given) x 2 (treatment: hypnotherapy, education) between-subjects design; DV = number of cigarettes smoked per day.
What are the two main types of effects tested in factorial ANOVA?
A: Main effects for each independent variable and interaction effects between variables.
What is a main effect in factorial ANOVA?
A: The independent effect of one factor on the dependent variable, ignoring other factors.
What is an interaction effect in factorial ANOVA?
A: When the effect of one independent variable depends on the level of another independent variable.
In the example “2 (nicotine replacement) x 2 (treatment)”, what is the dependent variable?
A: Number of cigarettes smoked per day.
How many main effects and interactions are there in a 3 (feedback) x 2 (task difficulty) x 2 (year) factorial design?
A: Three main effects, three two-way interactions, and one three-way interaction.
What is a mixed factorial design?
A: A factorial design with at least one between-subjects factor and at least one within-subjects factor.
In the design “2 (treatment type) x 3 (time)” with treatment type between-subjects and time within-subjects, what are the main effects tested?
A: Main effect of treatment type and main effect of time.
