Module 7 - Organic Chem

Question 1

What is a saturated compound?

Answer 1

Only contains single carbon bonds

Question 2

What is an unsaturated compound?

Answer 2

Contains at least one double bond or triple bond between carbons.

Question 3

What is an alkane

Answer 3

Contains only C and H, and only has single bonds

Question 4

What is chloroalkane

Answer 4

contains C, H, and at least one CL

Question 5

What is a Haloalkane

Answer 5

Contains C, H, nad at least one Halogen (F, Cl, Br, I)

Question 6

What is a homologous series?

Answer 6

Contains molecules with properties that vary only slightly. Similar bonding structures, named similarly. e.g. Methane, Ethane, etc

Same/similar properities due to same/similar functional group

Question 7

Alkanes reactivity

Answer 7

Least reactive due to single bond - low dispersion forces and non polarity. Thus insoluable in water.

saturated = harder to break the single bond.
More likely to substitute

Question 8

Saturated Hydrocarbon

Answer 8

An Alkane

Question 9

Unsaturated hydrocarbon

Answer 9

An alkene or an alkyne.

Question 10

Alkene reactivity

Answer 10

Double bond makes them more reactive than alkanes.

Question 11

Hydrogenation of Alkenes

Answer 11

Addition of hydrogen to carbon-carbon double bond.
- Removes the double bond
- Exothermic –> high activiation energy prevents it from taking place under normal conditions.

according to chem libre

Question 12

Alkyne reactivity

Answer 12

Triple bond between carbons = very reactive except ethyne

Question 13

What is an Isomer

Answer 13

Compound with the same molecular formula but different arrangement.
May be an alkane, alkene, alkyne but can’t tell with molecular formular

Question 14

Types of isomers

Answer 14

Structural isomer, Stereoisomer (dont need to know this one tho)

Question 15

What is a structural Isomer

Answer 15

Compound with same molecular formula but different bonding arrangement of atoms. Changing what is bonded to waht and where on the chain.
- Chain, position, functional group

Question 16

What is a chain isomer

Answer 16

Structural isomer that arise due to different arrangements of their carbon skeleton.
straight chains or branched

Question 17

What is a position isomer

Answer 17

Structural Isomer made by moving the position of the functional group.

e.g. the double bond on the end, or in the middle of chain

Question 18

Functional group isomer

Answer 18

Structural isomer with compound with the same molecular formula but a different type of functional group.

• Different homologous series

Question 19

Properties of Alkanes
- Type of bond between molecules
- polarity
-solubility in water
-Saturated or unsaturated?
-Main type of reaction

Answer 19

Disperson forces between molecules, non polar, insoluble in water, saturated, main type of reaction is substitution

Question 20

Properties of Alkenes
- Type of bond between molecules
- polarity
-solubility in water
-Saturated or unsaturated?
-Main type of reaction

Answer 20

Dispersion forces
non polar
Insoluable
unsaturated
Addition

Question 21

Properties of Alkynes
- Type of bond between molecules
- polarity
-solubility in water
-Saturated or unsaturated?
-Main type of reaction

Answer 21

Dispersion forces
nonpolar
insoluble
unsaturated
addition

Question 22

T/F

primary/secondary/tertiary alcohols can be considered structural position isomers

Answer 22

TRUE!

Question 23

T/F

Alcohols have a high boiling point- explain why

Answer 23

True - -OH group causes strong hydrogen bond and intermolecular bonding - thus higher boiling point. As the chain increases the dispersion forces increases and thus the boiling point also increases.

Question 24

What does the position of the OH group do to an alcohols boiling point?

Answer 24

In a primary - high boiling point
Secondary - lower boiling point
Tertiary - lowest boiling point.

• in a tertiary alcohol the carbon atom attached to the OH group - strength of forces between atoms weaker

Question 25

Define the solubility of alcohols

Answer 25

In small chains - alcohol is soluble due to the hydrogen bonds with water molecules. However in larger chains, solubility decreases. Alcohols do not disassociate to any specific extent in water and their solutions can be regarded as neutral.

Question 25

Chemical reactions of Alcohols

Answer 25

Combustion - type of oxidation reaction involving oxidation Dehydration - type of elimination reaction where a double cc bond is formed by removal of H20. Substitution - changing in oxidation number. Primary alcohol - > aldehyde -> carboxylic acid secondary alcohols -> ketone Tertiary -> doesn't undergo oxidation Condensation- a reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid in the presence of a catalust concentrated sulfuric acid to from an ester.

Question 26

Describe boiling point of carboxylic acids

Answer 26

presence of hydrogen bonds e.g. COOH causes higher boiling point compared to the alkane of the same parent name. As chain increases the boiling point also increases.

Question 27

What is the structure and physical properities of aldehydes and ketones

Answer 27

Double bond between 'C' and 'O' --> intermolecular bonds between molecules DO NOT FORM HYDROGEN BONDS as N,O,F NOT covalently bonded. They are polar tho and dipole-dipole attraction occurs between ketone molecules. Boiling point: highler boiling point than parent alkanes due to dipole-dipole attraction (stronger than dispersion) - so as chain increases, dispersion forces increases and boiling point increases. Solubility: can form hydrogen bonds in water - thus can disolve well in water - forms neutral solutions. when chain increases - solubility decreases due to distruption of hydrogen bonding between water molecules and non-polar hydrocarbon chains