Module 7 - REspiratory Flashcards
(48 cards)
Decongestant - Action:
Decongestants are ___________ agents that stimulate _________ and _______-adrenergic receptors, causing ______________________ in the respiratory tract mucosa and thereby improving ___________.
sympathomimetic; alpha and beta; vasoconstriction; ventilation
Topical decongestants in the form of _________ _________ slow _____________ motility and mucocilicary __________.
nasal sprays; ciliary; clearance
Topical decongestants should not be used more than _____ days, because it can cause ___________ ___________.
3; rebound congestion
Oral decongestants have the same mode of action as topical but can cause more ____________responses.
systemic
Asthma and allergic rhinitis are Type ___ hypersensitivity. In this type Imunoglobulin ______ attached to ___________ cells binds with an antigen causing a release of _____________, ___________, and _________.
Type I. IgE; mast cells; histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins (causing inflammation)
Histamine is synthesized and stored in _____________ and _____________.
mast cells and basophils
True or False
Histamine release may be triggered by allergic and non-allergic mechanisms.
True
Vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, pain, itching, bronchoconstriction, and CNS effects are the result of ___________ stimulation.
H1 stimulation
Release of gastric acid from the parietal cells of the stomach is the result of ___________ stimulation.
H2 stimulation
Two major classes of histamine receptor antagonists:
H1 receptor antagonists are used to treat ______________. H2 receptor antagonists are used to treat ______________.
H1: mild allergic reactions; H2: gastric and duodenal ulcers
H1 Antagonists Method of Action:
Relieve __________ symptoms by blocking ___________ receptors on __________ ___________ ____________, ____________ and ___________ ____________. They do NOT block release of _______________ from _________ cells and _______________.
allergy, histamine, small blood vessels, capillaries, and sensory nerves.
histamine; mast cells and basophils
First generation H1 antagonists (dipenhydramine, hydroxyzine, chlorpheniramine, etc.) frequently cause _______________ and ________________ effects.
sedation and anticholinergic effects
True or False
Second generation H1 receptor antagonists (loratidine & fexofinidine) often cause sedation and dry mouth.
False
1st generation antihistamines are contraindicated in:
lactating mothers, narrow angle glaucoma, men with BPH, elderly.
Decongestant contraindications
Narrow angle glaucoma, hypertension, severe CAD; caution in pt with hyperthyroidism, diabetes and prostatic hypertrophy
Decongestant side effects
Hypertension, increased HR, palpitations, headache, dizziness, GI distress and tremor
Expectorant Mechanism of Action
Increase the output of respiratory tract fluid by decreasing the adhesiveness and surface tension of the respiratory tract and by facilitating removal of viscous mucous.
Expectorants and other cough products should not be used for more than _______ because they can ___________ ________ of other a more _______ __________ ____________.
one week; mask symptoms; serious underlying disorder.
Cough suppressant MOA
Diminish the cough reflex by direct inhibition of the cough center in the medulla
Expectorant contraindications
Breast feeding mothers, pregnancy cat c
Cough suppressant contraindications
pt with productive cough, hx of substance abuse, COPD; children - especially under 2
Cough suppressant side effects
dizziness, nausea, drowsiness, sedation
How is bacterial sinusitis differentiated from viral sinusitis in children?
symptoms persist without improvement for more than 10 days or when they are unusually sever facial tenderness, transient perorbital swelling, daytime cough, or fever of 102.2 (39) or higher in combination with purulent rhinorrhea
First line tx for bacterial sinusitis in children?
Amoxicillin 45mg/kg normal dose or 90mg/kg high dose if mild-moderate. Augmentin 90mg/kg if severe or at risk for s. pneumoniae (day care or recent abx)
