Module 8: Ethics

Question 1

define ethics

Answer 1

• the study of morality
• from latin ethos meaning character

Question 2

define personal ethics

Answer 2

• relate to making decisions about right and wrong
• what a person does and how a person does it

Question 3

define professional ethics

Answer 3

• actions that are right and wrong in the workplace, of public concern
• guide individual behavior in the work setting
• professional socialization: understanding what behaviors are appropriate in a professional role

Question 4

define research ethics

Answer 4

• subset of professional ethics
• standards that guide appropriate conduct relevant to research decisions

Question 5

what is the foundation of research ethics

Answer 5

• voluntary participation

Question 6

why should a health educator act ethically

Answer 6

• makes programs more effective
• cements health educators standing in the community
• allows educators to exercise moral leadership in the community
• ensures educators are in good standing legally and professionally

Question 7

define reality

Answer 7

• how we actually act
• may not be ethical

Question 8

what is ethical behavior

Answer 8

• standards and rules of conduct
• morals
• right and wrong
• values
• honesty

Question 9

describe some procedures a profession can put in place to ensure ethical behavior

Answer 9

• selective admission into prep programs
• retention standards for students in prep programs
• graduating from academic program
• completing internships
• credentialing
• continuing education unit

Question 10

examples of research not conducted ethically

Answer 10

• stanford prison experiment
• henrietta lack hela cells
• tuskegee syphilis study
• milgram’s experiment

Question 11

describe the tuskegee syphilis study

Answer 11

• Dr Clark and Dr Cummings track black men left untreated
• efforts are made to stop men from getting treatment
• CDC reaffirms need for study
• Buxton and Heller (journalist) share reality of experiment and the study ends

Question 12

define ethical theories

Answer 12

• provide frameworks to evaluate whether human actions are acceptable
• two major categories: deontological and teleology

Question 13

define deontological ethical theories

Answer 13

• looking at the act, the end doesn’t justify the means
• certain actions are right and wrong without regard to the consequences
• black and white thinking

Question 14

define teleology ethical theories

Answer 14

• looking at the consequences, the end does justify the means
• evaluate moral status of act by goodness or consequences
• more gray area, based on context

Question 15

define ethical dilemma

Answer 15

• ethical issue which presents two clear sides to the argument
• abortion, stem cell research, death penalty, DNR, physician assisted suicide

Question 16

what are the 5 basic principle of morality

Answer 16

• value of life
• goodness
• justice
• honesty
• autonomy

Question 17

describe this principle of morality: value of life

Answer 17

• first and most basic principle
• life is valuable

Question 18

describe this principle of morality: goodness

Answer 18

• rightness
• two areas:
• nonmaleficence: do no harm
• beneficence: doing good

Question 19

describe this principle of morality: justice

Answer 19

• fairness
• distributing goodness and badness
• two areas:
• procedural: fair procedures followed
• distributive: allocation of resources

Question 20

describe this principle of morality: honesty

Answer 20

• telling the truth
• communication is the heart of any moral relationship

Question 21

describe this principle of morality: autonomy

Answer 21

• individual freedom
• having freedom to choose own way of being ethical within the framework of the other principles

Question 22

how are ethical questions answered

Answer 22

• through philosophical thought
• using reason, logic, and argument

Question 23

describe the timelines of the code of ethics for health education

Answer 23

• first written in 1976
• developed by SOPHE in 1979
• final draft approved in 1999

Question 24

what is included in the core ethical expectations section of the code of ethics for health education

Answer 24

• personal behaviors representing ethical principles
• respecting rights of individuals and communities to make their own decisions
• truthful about qualifications and scope of practice
• respect others privacy and culture
• communicate with colleagues about violations in code of ethics
• disclose conflicts of interest

Question 25

what is included in the responsibility to the public section of the code of ethics for health education

Answer 25

• advocate and encourage actions and policies that promote health
• redefining existing practices, developing new practices, and sharing work
• involve individuals, groups, stakeholders, and communities in educational process

Question 26

what is included in the responsibility to the profession section of the code of ethics for health education

Answer 26

• recognize boundaries of professional competence
• maintain and improve professional competence through continued education and research
• redefining practices, developing new practices, and sharing work
• give recognition to others for their professional contributions

Question 27

what is included in the responsibility to employers section of the code of ethics for health education

Answer 27

• apply current evidence informed theories
• report service outcomes
• maintain competence in field

Question 28

what is included in the responsibility in the delivery of health education/promotion section of the code of ethics for health education

Answer 28

• informed of latest scientific information
• support development of professional standards
• adhere to ethical evaluations
• promote healthy behaviors through informed choice
• disclose potential benefits and harms
• collaborate with individuals and organizations
• do not plagiarize

Question 29

what is included in the responsibility in research and evaluation section of the code of ethics for health education

Answer 29

• ensure voluntary participation
• respect privacy of participants
• treat all information as confidential
• take credit for their own work
• report results accurately and timely
• promote and disseminate results appropriately

Question 30

what is included in the responsibility in professional preparation and continuing education section of the code of ethics for health education

Answer 30

• foster inclusive education environment
• careful planning, realistic expectations
• provide learners with objective and comprehensive guidance
• facilitate meaningful opportunities for professional development of learners