Module 8 Terms

Question 1

Movement of a limb away from the midline or axis of the body

Answer 1

abduction

Question 1

The movement of a limb toward the midline or axis of the body

Answer 1

adduction

Question 2

Joint pain

Answer 2

arthralgia

Question 3

Thinning of the skin surface and loss of normal skin markings; muscle wasting

Answer 3

atrophy

Question 4

Swelling of the middle joint of the finger; characteristic of osteoarthritis

Answer 4

Bouchard’s nodes

Question 5

A common, usually painless thickening of the stratum corneum at locations of external pressure or friction

Answer 5

callus

Question 6

A combination of movements that causes a body part, such as the arm, to move in a circle

Answer 6

circumduction

Question 7

A sound or feel that resembles the crackling noise heard when rubbing hair between the fingers; associated with gas gangrene, rubbing of bone fragments, air in superficial tissues; a clicking sound often heard in movement of joints, for example, in temporomandibular joint resulting from joint irregularities; AKA: crepitation

Answer 7

crepitus

Question 8

Away from or the farthest from a point of origin or attachment

Answer 8

distal

Question 9

Upward or backward flexion of a part of the body

Answer 9

dorsiflexion

Question 10

Movement of the ankle to turn the sole of the foot laterally

Answer 10

eversion

Question 11

Bending a joint so that the joint angle increases

Answer 11

extension

Question 12

Turning outwardly or away from the midline of the body, such as when a leg is externally rotated with the toes turned outward or away from the body’s midline

Answer 12

external rotation

Question 13

Tic, involuntary muscle contractions or twitchings of small muscle groups

Answer 13

fasciculation

Question 14

A movement allowed by certain joints of the skeleton that decreases the angle between two adjoining bones, such as bending the elbow

Answer 14

flexion

Question 15

Manner of walking

Answer 15

gait

Question 16

Knock-knee, a deformity in which the legs are curved inward at the knee

Answer 16

genu valgum

Question 17

Bowleg, a deformity in which one or both legs are bent outward at the knee

Answer 17

genu varum

Question 18

An instrument used to measure angles, particularly range-of-motion angles of a joint

Answer 18

goniometer

Question 19

Swelling of distal interphalangeal finger joints, characteristic of osteoarthritis

Answer 19

Heberden’s nodes

Question 20

Movement of a joint such that it is beyond the straight or neutral position

Answer 20

hyperextension

Question 21

An increase in the size of an organ or muscle caused by an increase in the size of the cells rather than the number of cells

Answer 21

hypertrophy

Question 22

The turning of a limb about its axis of rotation toward the midline of the body

Answer 22

internal rotation

Question 23

Movement of the ankle to turn the sole of the foot medially

Answer 23

inversion

Question 24

An abnormal condition of the vertebral column, characterized by increased convexity in the curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side

Answer 24

kyphosis

Question 25

An abnormal concavity of the lumbar part of the back

Answer 25

lordosis

Question 26

Diffuse muscle pain, usually accompanied by malaise

Answer 26

myalgia

Question 27

A resistance to flexion of the neck, a condition seen in patients with meningitis

Answer 27

nuchal rigidity

Question 28

Tingling, numbness, or pain in the fingers within 60 seconds of performing

Answer 28

Phalen's sign

Question 29

Moving the foot so that the toes move downward

Answer 29

plantar flexion

Question 30

A congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of more than the normal number of fingers or toes

Answer 30

polydactyly

Question 31

Rotation of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces downward

Answer 31

pronation

Question 32

Nearer to a point of reference or attachment, usually the trunk of the body, than other parts of the body

Answer 32

proximal

Question 33

The extent of movement of a joint, measured in degrees of a circle; Acronym: ROM

Answer 33

range of motion

Question 34

Movement of a bone around its own long axis

Answer 34

rotation

Question 35

Abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column

Answer 35

scoliosis

Question 36

Rotation of the forearm so that the palm of the hand faces upward

Answer 36

supination

Question 37

A congenital anomaly characterized by the fusion of the fingers or toes

Answer 37

syndactyly

Question 38

A distal tingling sensation on percussion of median nerve of the inner wrist; characteristic of carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 38

Tinel's sign