Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Integumentary Exam 4 > Module 9: Lumps and Bumps (Week 12 & 13) > Flashcards

Module 9: Lumps and Bumps (Week 12 & 13) Flashcards

1
Q

Non- Neoplastic Nodular Dermatoses

A

Non- Neoplastic Nodular Dermatoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nodules are …

A
  • > 1cm
  • Firm
  • Circumscribed
  • Extends to deep layers of the skin:
    - Dermis or subcutaneous tissue (large)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nodular dermatoses:

A
  • Neoplastic
  • Infectious
    • Bacterial (culture)
      - Actinomyces => G(+), Opportunistic commensal flora of oral cavity and bowel, found in environment
      - Anaerobic culture
      - Nocardia => G(+), common soil saprophytes , filamentous
      - Aerobic culture
      - Mycobacteria => Aerobic, Rods, Non-motile =, Acid-fast
      - Fresh tissue samples are important
    • Fungal
      - Dermatophytosis (kerion)
      - Cryptococcosis
      - Blastomycosis
      - Coccidioidomycosis
      - Histoplasmosis
  • Sterile
    • Cutaneous histiocytosis
    • Sterile nodular panniculitis
    • Sterile granuloma/pyogranuloma syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

For a single, acute nodule in a healthy animal, rule out:

A
  • Foreign body => difficult to find, CT can be useful
  • Trauma
  • Secondary bacterial infection
  • Kerion (deep dermatophytosis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Many deep fungal infections will affect other organs, such as:

A
  • LN
  • Lungs
  • Eye
  • CNS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

(T/F) Some deep bacterial and fungal infections can be zoonotic, and you have to be cautious

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • Infection occurs from trauma and contamination of penetrating wounds
  • It may take months to years for clinical signs to develop
A

Actinomycosis
- Immunosuppression may play a role in the development of chronic infections
- Most commonly isolated from non-healing wounds and abscesses
- Intra-abdominal and thoracic infections have been reported

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Treatment for Actinomycosis:

A
  • Surgical excision or debulking
  • Penicillin/amoxicillin
    - continue treatment at least 1 month after complete remission (3-4 months)
  • Relapses 15-42%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The following clinical signs are from …
- Cellulitis
- Ulcerated Nodules
- Draining tracts
- Lymphadenopathy

A

Nocardiosis
- affecting the base of the tail
- Likely due to fighting wounds
- Filamentous acid-fast on cytology
- Stain: Zielhl-Neelsen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the treatment for Nocardiosis?

A
  • Surgical resection and antibiotics
  • Potentiated Sulfas
  • Combination therapy
    • Minocycline/doxycycline
  • Treat at least one month past the clinical cure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex=> dermal nodules, lymphadenopathy, respiratory, GI
    • M. tuberculosis
    • M. bovis (bovine TB)
    • M, microti (mice)
  • Mycobacterium avium complex => cutaneous nodules, respiratory disease, disseminated disease
    • M. avium (Mycrobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the microorganism responsible for causing Johne’s disease in farm animals)
      - M. intracellulare
A

Slow- Growing Mycobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • Opportunistic
  • Ubiquitous, free-living organisms found in soil and water
  • Infections occur as a result of inoculation into tissue through wounds or contaminated surgical sites
A

Rapid-growing mycobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mycobacteria panniculitis

A
  • Fatty tissue - feline inguinal fat pad often affected
  • Flanks
  • Base of tail
  • SQ tissue becomes thickened and adheres to the dermis
    • non-painful, non-pruritic, firm, or fluctuant nodules that ulcerate and spread outwards

*Distinct clinical presentation of *rapid-growing Mycobacteria**

Treatment:
- Antibiotic therapy immediately after surgery (or before)
- Fluoroquinolones - Enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin or pradofloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • Localized nodular skin disease
  • Cause: Fastidious mycobacterial species probably transmitted by biting insects
  • Signs: single or multiple skin nodules commonly affecting the head and ears
A

Canine Leproid granuloma syndrome (CLGS)
- hasn’t been able to be culture
- Prognosis is good

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cryptococcosis

A
  • Relatively small
  • Nitrogen-rich alkaline enviroment
    - Pigeon droppings
  • Common cause of nasal disease in cats
  • Nitrogen-rich alkaline enviroment
    Dogs:
  • eyes and CNS

Diagnosis:
- Clear or refractile halo
- Pyogramulomatous inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Management for …
- Azoles antifungal for less severe cases (Itraconazole)
- 6-12 months are necessary to avoid recurrence
- Indications for discontinuing therapy:
- a stable low-level titer in a cat that has been asymptomatic for at least two months
- two negative titers three months apart

A

Cryptococcus
- ocular disease: poor prognosis

17
Q
  • Occurs in the soil in a mycelial form
  • Mycotic pneumonia that can disseminate hematogenously throughout the body
  • Dimorphic yeast
A

Blastomycosis
- Moist, acidic soil rich in organic material near bodies of freshwater
- Beaver dams - ideal
- endemic in OH
- respiratory signs
- The presence of respiratory signs in conjunction with draining skin lesions and/or uveitis in a young dog living in an endemic area should raise an index of suspicion for blastomycosis
- Broad base budding
- Itraconazole with no CNS involvement

18
Q
  • Soilborne fungus
  • bird or bats
  • Ohio river valleys
  • inhalatiion of microconidia
  • dimorphic, saprophytic soil fungus
  • convert to yeast in lungs
  • cats: disseminated disease (prognosis poor) -> lethargy, fever, anorexia, weight loss, and dyspnea
  • dogs: infection can be confined to the respiratory or GI tract
  • invasive fungal rhinitis
  • serologic testing
  • itraconazole
A

Histoplasmosis

19
Q
  • Moss and hay
  • puncture wounds associated with thorns
  • hunting dogs and intact cats
  • zoonosis
  • cutaneolymphatic forms most common
  • disseminated form -> 1/3
  • Itraconazole
A

Sporotrichosis

20
Q

Sterile Nodular Dermatoses

A

Sterile Nodular Dermatoses

21
Q
  • affects only the skin
  • etiology and pathogenesis is unknown
  • immune-mediated
  • is characterized by specific morphologic and immunohistochemistry criteria which help with diagnosis
  • any age (3-9yrs)
  • multiple hairless, erythematous dermal to subcutaneous nodules
    • localized predominantly to the face, neck, nasal mucosa, perineum, scrotum, and feet
  • non-pruritic or painful
  • histopathology important, sterile granuloma and pyogranuloma syndrome
  • 50% responded to prednisone as a sole therapy
  • azathioprine, cyclosporine
  • tetracycline
A

Cutaneous Histiocytosis

22
Q
  • inflammation of the subcutaneous fat and it may be associated with a variety of conditions
  • refers to sterile inflammation of the subcutaneous fat tissue of unknown origin
  • Sterile nodular panniculitis has been documented in association with
    • Systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Pancreatitis and pancreatic tumors
    • Rheumatoid arthritis
    • Lymphoplasmacytic colitis
  • Single or multiple lesions
  • normal skin color or erythematous or bluish in color
  • some lesions regress while others develop draining tracts and become ulcerated
  • associated with systemic disease
  • suppurative to pyogranulomatous or granulomatous with fat droplets or cells present
  • immunosuppressive drugs for multiple lesions
A

Sterile Nodular panniculitis

23
Q
  • is a less common disease
  • papules, nodules or plaques
  • idiopathic
  • immune response against persistent endogenous or exogenous antigens
  • dogs of any age affected
  • great Dane, boxer, golden retriever, collie, dachshund, English bulldog, and Weimaraner
  • firm, haired covered to partially alopecic, erythematous papules, nodules, or plaques
  • Head and distal extremities more often
  • Draining tracts and ulceration can be observed - paws
  • rule out infection!
  • immunosuppressive therapy
A

Sterile granuloma/pyogranuloma syndrome (SGPS)

Integumentary Exam 4 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions