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Intro To Philosophy > Module 9 - Modern And Contemporary Worldviews: Eastern Philosophy > Flashcards

Module 9 - Modern And Contemporary Worldviews: Eastern Philosophy Flashcards

1
Q

Where did Eastern philosophies originate?

A

Asia

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2
Q

The Eastern philosophies most practiced are Hinduism and Confucianism.

A

False

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3
Q

Which is a key Hindu concept?

A

reincarnation

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4
Q

Which is a key Buddhist concept?

A

enlightment

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5
Q

Confucianism focuses on a strict ethical code of goodness.

A

true

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6
Q

In Hinduism, the word Brahman refers to the soul of the universe.

A

true

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7
Q

The Buddha was interested in the same metaphysical questions as other religions.

A

false

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8
Q

In Eastern philosophies, what is the continuous cycle of cause and effect of a person’s deeds?

A

karma

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9
Q

What is the Buddhist term meaning liberation from reincarnation?

A

Nirvana

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10
Q

Shintoism is centered within which culture?

A

Japanese

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11
Q

What are the most sacred texts in Hinduism?

A

the Vedas

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12
Q

The Buddha did not endorse any religious writings while he was living.

A

true

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13
Q

The sacred canon in Confucianism only includes books Confucius referred to while he was alive.

A

false

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14
Q

Which Eastern philosophy separates sacred writings into the shruti and the smriti?

A

Hinduism

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15
Q

What Eastern philosophy uses the Pali Tripitaka?

A

Buddhism

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16
Q

Which concepts are at the center of moral philosophy for the worldview of Hinduism?

A

karma and reincarnation

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17
Q

For a Hindu, what is the motivation for living a moral life?

A

to break the cycle of reincarnation

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18
Q

Within Buddhism, one reaches enlightenment by practicing the Analects.

A

false

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19
Q

What concepts are at the center of moral philosophy for the worldview of Buddhism?

A

four noble truths and eightfold path

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20
Q

In some Buddhist groups, monks and nuns have additional rules of morality to obey.

A

true

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21
Q

What are the religious buildings of Shintoism called?

A

shrines

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22
Q

In Eastern philosophies, art is used to encourage participants to practice their faith in the proper manner.

A

true

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23
Q

Eastern philosophies do not use architecture to reflect their metaphysical beliefs.

A

false

24
Q

Within the worldview of Hinduism, what shape do many of their temples resemble?

A

mountains

25
Q

When creating statues of the Buddha, what do artists use to describe his characteristics and teachings?

A

spiritual imagery

26
Q

Which Eastern philosophy emphasizes karma?

A

Hinduism

27
Q

Which Eastern philosophy emphasizes enlightenment?

A

Buddhism

28
Q

Which Eastern philosophy emphasizes becoming unattached to things, people, and circumstances to end suffering?

A

Buddhism

29
Q

Which Eastern philosophy emphasizes ren, or goodness, including doing the right thing, knowledge, and loyalty?

A

Confucianism

30
Q

In Shintoism, what are kami?

A

gods

31
Q

In Hinduism, what is the eternal soul of an individual called?

A

atman

32
Q

In Hinduism, what is the soul or essence of the universe?

A

Brahman

33
Q

According to Buddhism, what do people need to take responsibility for in their own life?

A

suffering

34
Q

Which statement aligns with Buddhist views of a creator or god?

A

there are none

35
Q

In Hinduism, the sacred texts of the shruti mean “what is __________,” and the sacred texts of the smriti mean “what is __________ .”

A

heard; remembered

36
Q

Which is one of the most well-known passages in the Hindu scriptures?

A

the Bhagavad Gita

37
Q

Why did Confucius want to return to the ancient values and rituals of the Zhou Dynasty?

A

to restore peace and order

38
Q

According to the Buddha, what would cease if people followed his teaching?

A

human suffering

39
Q

Who wrote the Buddhist shastras?

A

Buddhist teachers and poets

40
Q

In Hinduism, what is the continuous cycle of cause and effect according to the morality of one’s deeds?

A

karma

41
Q

Which is the Hindu term for the cycle of birth, suffering, death, and rebirth into another form of plant, animal, or human being called?

A

reincarnation

42
Q

Which is the Buddhist term meaning liberation from reincarnation?

A

Nirvana

43
Q

Which are part of the Buddha’s Eightfold Path?

A

right understanding, right speech, right livelihood, and right mindfulness

44
Q

In Hinduism, what are the three paths to reach salvation or freedom from reincarnation?

A

knowledge, action, and devotion

45
Q

Which Eastern philosophy emphasizes the principle of brahman?

A

Hinduism

46
Q

During the Warring States Period of Chinese history, what were the different schools of philosophy called that taught theoretical solutions to bring back stability and peace?

A

Hundred Schools of Thought

47
Q

Who switched from leading brutal military conquests to embracing Buddhism?

A

Ashoka

48
Q

What did Gandhi call his philosophy of nonviolence?

A

passive resistance

49
Q

Who renamed the “Untouchables” the “children of God”?

A

Gandhi

50
Q

Who became the political and religious leader of Tibet in the 17th century?

A

Dalai Lama

51
Q

What must a Shinto worshiper pass through to symbolize they are leaving the external world and entering a sacred space?

A

gateway

52
Q

In a Hindu temple, where is the image of the god kept?

A

on a pedestal in the main hall

53
Q

Why do people perform certain rituals—like ritual bathing for spiritual purity or walking clockwise around the sanctuary—at the Hindu temple?

A

it encourages good karma

54
Q

What did Buddha’s followers do against his wishes after his death because they believed he was able to rise above the human condition of suffering?

A

They began to worship him as a god.

55
Q

In the time period after the Buddha’s death, but before artists began to make statues of him, what symbol might a Buddhist artist use to represent him in their artwork?

A

empty seat

Intro To Philosophy (10 decks)

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