Module exam Flashcards
1
Q
Which cell organelle(s) is/are found only in plants?
A
Choroplast
2
Q
Which cell organelle(s) is/are found only in plants?
A
Choroplast
3
Q
This procedure involves the disruption of cells to release intact organelles for study
A
Centrifugation
4
Q
The component of the cytoskeleton of cells that makes
up the cilia and flagella which mediate cell movement
A
Microtubule
5
Q
Which of the following is not a constituent of sphingomyelin?
A
Glycerol
6
Q
All of the following decrease the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen EXCEPT:
A
Carbon monoxide
7
Q
Which of the following would increase the P50 in the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve?
A
Decreased pH
8
Q
Which of the following directly influences a solution’s power of hydrogen?
A
Concentration of protons
9
Q
The following acids have corresponding pKas: X = 3.5, Y = 7, Z = 7.2. Which of the following is considered the weakest acid?
A
X
10
Q
The following are lipid components of membranes, except:
A
Triacyglycerol
11
Q
A certain disease is due to the formation of salt bridges between amino acids within an important protein. Which of the following amino acids might be responsible for the disease?
A
Lysine and aspartic acid
12
Q
The process of translation is responsible for which of the following?
A
Linking amino acids together via peptide bonds
13
Q
If you throw a bunch of amino acids into water, and if they arrange themselves into a
blob, which among the following amino acids will you most probably see at the center of the hypothetical amino acid blob?
A
Valine and tryptophan
14
Q
The lipid bilayer can be best described as:
A
Composed of a layer of phospholipids arranged concentrically
15
Q
The sequence of the first amino acids of polypeptide 1 is EWAN while those of two polypeptide is MALAY. Which of The following statement is TRUE regarding the protein structure?
A
Hydrogen bonds are responsible for the secondary structure
16
Q
A protein in its denatured state:
A
Loses its biologic activity
17
Q
Which amino acid would most likely be found in the interior of a protein?
A
Phenylalanine
18
Q
Which amino acids have a net charge of zero at physiologic pH?
A
Gln and His
19
Q
True of the iron atom in heme:
A
It is normally in its reduced form
20
Q
Which hemoglobin would most readily give off 1 molecule of oxygen to tissues?
A
Hemoglobin in the T state with 1 molecule of O2 attached
21
Q
Which of the following events is TRUE regarding denaturation of proteins?
A
Denaturation happens when you mix proteins and detergents
22
Q
True of the characteristic(s) of enzymes:
A
Lowers the activation energy of the reactants
23
Q
The protein portion of the enzyme is:
A
Apoenzyme
24
Q
The effect of temperature on an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is best represented by:
A
Bell-shaped curve
25
Phosphorylation of this aminoacyl residue can alter the catalytic efficiency of enzymes
Serine
26
Kinetic studies done on a new drug that inhibits xanthine oxidase, the enzyme that synthesizes uric acid, gave the graph below. This new drug for the treatment of gout is a:
Note: Check graph #25
Non-competitiive inhibitor
27
Blood clotting involves the activation of extrinsic and intrinsic blood clotting pathways, with both pathways leading to the synthesis of a stable fibrin clot. The mechanism by which these clotting factors are activated is through:
Partial proteolysis
28
The rates of most body enzymes are physiologically responsive to increases in substrate concentration because:
The intracellular level of many substrates is in the range of the Km
29
One mechanism for the regulation of an enzyme’s activity is to add or remove a phosphate group. An enzyme that adds a phosphate group is called a:
Kinase
30
Which statement is NOT true regarding coenzymes?
Are protein in nature
31
If a molecule attaches to an enzyme at a site other than the active site and changes the enzyme’s affinity for its substrate without cleaving any existing bonds on the enzyme,
It is a V-type allosteric effector that lowers Vmax without altering Km
32
Which does not define proenzyme activation?
It is a reversible process
33
ATP acts as an allosteric activator of aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase). This means that:
The substrate saturation curve for Aspartate and ATCase shifts to the left, signifying increased affinity of ATCase for its substrate
34
Which of the following two enzymes are thought to be the major control enzymes of the TCA cycle?
α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase
35
Which of the following statements regarding the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex is INCORRECT?
One of its coenzymes - lipoic acid - comes from the vitamin B-carotene
36
The cleavage of the high-energy bond of ATP into ADP and Pi is an example of what type of reaction?
Hydrolysis
37
The fate of pyruvate depends on the cell’s metabolic needs. If the cell needs to increase its glucose concentration, pyruvate will be converted to:
Oxaloacetate
38
This is the major regulatory enzyme of glycolysis:
Phosphofructokinase-1
39
True of phosphofructokinase:
It is inhibited when the cell is rich in ATP
40
True of the citric acid cycle:
It is involved in both anabolic and catabolic cellular pathways
41
Which enzyme does not catalyze a reaction that generates NADH?
Succinate dehydrogenase
42
How many ATP can be formed from 1 mole of acetyl CoA that enters the citric acid cycle?
10
43
Mannose can enter the glycolytic pathway by conversion to:
Fructose-6-phosphate
44
How does galactitol accumulation in the lens of the eye lead to the development of cataract?
Galactitol osmotically absorbs water into the lens leading to water retention and swelling
45
The enzyme aldose reductase converts:
glucose to sorbitol
46
The product of the phosphorylation of fructose by hexokinase
Fructose 1-phosphate
47
Glycogen synthase adds glucose residues to the glycogen primer in the form of:
UDP-glucose
48
Which enzymes involved in glycogen metabolism are acted upon by protein phosphatase?
Glycogen synthase and phosphorylase
49
The following are effects of epinephrine on glycogen metabolism, EXCEPT:
Inactivation of inhibitor-1
50
The presence of this enzyme will activate glycogen synthase
Protein phosphatase
51
A deficiency of the following enzymes will manifest with hepatomegaly, EXCEPT:
Glycogen synthase
52
What is the effect of cAMP-dependent protein kinase on the following enzymes involved in glycogen metabolism?
Activates phosphorylase kinase and inhibitor-1; inactivates glycogen synthase
53
A patient with Her’s disease, a condition due to deficiency of glycogen phosphorylase in the liver:
Cannot increase blood glucose level in response to glucagon
54
Upon the action of phosphorylase on glycogen, glucose residues are released in the form of:
Glucose 1-phosphate
55
Unlike liver glycogen, muscle glycogen cannot be used for the maintenance of blood glucose level because muscles lack:
Glucose 6-phosphatase
56
In the formation of branch points in glycogen, part of the glucose chain is transferred to which carbon atom of glucose in another chain?
C6
57
Glycerol produced from the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol in the adipose tissue, is phosphorylated to glycerol 3-phosphate and enters gluconeogenesis by conversion to:
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
58
The secretion of glucagon will promote the activity of the following enzymes, EXCEPT:
Phosphofructokinase
59
Propionate serves as substrate for gluconeogenesis through its conversion to this citric acid intermediate
Succinyl CoA
60
Which reaction involved in gluconeogenesis requires the presence of biotin as coenzyme?
pyruvate --> oxaloacetate
61
Cytochrome P450 is involved in the synthesis of this hormone:
Aldosterone
62
Which of the following enzymes would increase the level of hydrogen peroxide?
Oxidase
63
Which of the following systems has the lowest redox potential?
Hydrogen ion/hydrogen atom
64
How many high energy phosphates does ATP have?
2
65
NADP-linked dehydrogenases are involved in:
Reductive biosynthesis such as fatty acid synthesis
66
Which of the following has the highest affinity for electrons?
Oxygen
67
Which statement is NOT true of the synthesis of ketone bodies?
The presence of increased NAD/NADH ratio favors the formation of beta-hydroxybutyrate
68
What will be the net yield of ATP when palmitic acid, a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid undergoes beta oxidation?
129 ATPs
69
All of the following are true of NADP+-dependent malate dehydrogenase (malic enzyme) EXCEPT:
It is a mitochondrial enzyme
70
Mitochondrial oxaloacetate is produced during:
Gluconeogenesis
71
What substrate is directly used for fatty acid synthesis?
Acetyl CoA generated from the cleavage of citrate in the cytoplasm
72
The growing fatty acid chain on the fatty acid synthase complex is elongated:
Two at a time, with the carbons added derived from malonyl-CoA
73
Odd-chain long fatty acid breakdown produces:
Acetyl CoA and Propiony CoA
74
Which of the following uses fatty acids as its primary source of energy in the well-fed state?
Heart muscle
75
Which of the following organs relies solely on glucose as its source of energy?
Erythrocytes
76
In the citrate shuttle, citrate is transported from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm in exchange for which of the following?
Malate
77
In which of the following steps in fatty acid synthesis will NADPH be generated?
Malate to pyruvate conversion
78
Which of the following carries trigylcerides from the intestines to the adipose tissues?
Chylomicrons
79
Carnitine is produced by the combination of which of the following?
Acylcarnitine and CoA
80
Degradation of ketone bodies would yield which of the following?
Acetyl CoA
81
In the liver, glycerol is converted to this substrate for conversion to glucose:
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
82
This organ cannot utilize ketone bodies
Liver
83
Insulin deficiency leads to:
Diabetes mellitus
84
Glucagon stimulates
Activation of hormone sensitive lipase
85
The propionyl CoA produced from the beta-oxidation of odd- numbered fatty acids:
Enters the citric acid after conversion to succinyl CoA
86
Which statement is true regarding the fatty acid whose structure is given below? Note: Check graph #85
It is a 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid with 5 double bonds.
87
Which of the following lipooxygenases is needed for the synthesis of leukotrienes?
5-lipooxygenase
88
An 18-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid in trans configuration
Elaidic acid
89
The facial flushing and rapid heart rate associated with intake of alcoholic beverages is due to the increased level of:
Acetaldehyde
90
The density of the lipoproteins is directly proportional to:
The concentration of the protein component
91
The metabolism of ethanol results in an increased level of the following, EXCEPT:
Pyruvate
92
An increased level of cAMP in the adipose tissue will promote:
Lipolysis
93
True of Cholesterol:
Its free form is amphipathic
94
Cholesterol synthesis occurs in the:
Cytoplasm
95
What is the difference between fatty acid synthesis and cholesterol synthesis?
The final product in fatty acid synthesis is a 16-carbon compound while the final product in cholesterol synthesis is a 27-carbon compound
96
True of bile acids:
When conjugated, they become more water soluble
97
The conjugation of bile acids occurs in the:
Peroxisomes
98
In the enterohepatic circulation of bile,
95% of the bile salts secreted are reabsorbed and recycled
99
Cholelithiasis is due to:
Increased entry of cholesterol into the bile
100
The effect of bile acid sequestrants is to:
Increase bile acid excretion
101
Cardiolipin is also called:
Diphosphatidylglycerol
102
Cardiolipin is also called:
Diphosphatidylglycerol
103
This procedure involves the disruption of cells to release intact organelles for study
Centrifugation
104
The component of the cytoskeleton of cells that makes
| up the cilia and flagella which mediate cell movement
Microtubule
105
Which of the following is not a constituent of sphingomyelin?
Glycerol
106
All of the following decrease the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen EXCEPT:
Carbon monoxide
107
Which of the following would increase the P50 in the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation curve?
Decreased pH
108
Which of the following directly influences a solution’s power of hydrogen?
Concentration of protons
109
The following acids have corresponding pKas: X = 3.5, Y = 7, Z = 7.2. Which of the following is considered the weakest acid?
X
110
The following are lipid components of membranes, except:
Triacyglycerol
111
A certain disease is due to the formation of salt bridges between amino acids within an important protein. Which of the following amino acids might be responsible for the disease?
Lysine and aspartic acid
112
The process of translation is responsible for which of the following?
Linking amino acids together via peptide bonds
113
If you throw a bunch of amino acids into water, and if they arrange themselves into a
blob, which among the following amino acids will you most probably see at the center of the hypothetical amino acid blob?
Valine and tryptophan
114
The lipid bilayer can be best described as:
Composed of a layer of phospholipids arranged concentrically
115
The sequence of the first amino acids of polypeptide 1 is EWAN while those of two polypeptide is MALAY. Which of The following statement is TRUE regarding the protein structure?
Hydrogen bonds are responsible for the secondary structure
116
A protein in its denatured state:
Loses its biologic activity
117
Which amino acid would most likely be found in the interior of a protein?
Phenylalanine
118
Which amino acids have a net charge of zero at physiologic pH?
Gln and His
119
True of the iron atom in heme:
It is normally in its reduced form
120
Which hemoglobin would most readily give off 1 molecule of oxygen to tissues?
Hemoglobin in the T state with 1 molecule of O2 attached
121
Which of the following events is TRUE regarding denaturation of proteins?
Denaturation happens when you mix proteins and detergents
122
True of the characteristic(s) of enzymes:
Lowers the activation energy of the reactants
123
The protein portion of the enzyme is:
Apoenzyme
124
The effect of temperature on an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is best represented by:
Bell-shaped curve
125
Phosphorylation of this aminoacyl residue can alter the catalytic efficiency of enzymes
Serine
126
Kinetic studies done on a new drug that inhibits xanthine oxidase, the enzyme that synthesizes uric acid, gave the graph below. This new drug for the treatment of gout is a:
Note: Check graph #25
Non-competitiive inhibitor
127
Blood clotting involves the activation of extrinsic and intrinsic blood clotting pathways, with both pathways leading to the synthesis of a stable fibrin clot. The mechanism by which these clotting factors are activated is through:
Partial proteolysis
128
The rates of most body enzymes are physiologically responsive to increases in substrate concentration because:
The intracellular level of many substrates is in the range of the Km
129
One mechanism for the regulation of an enzyme’s activity is to add or remove a phosphate group. An enzyme that adds a phosphate group is called a:
Kinase
130
Which statement is NOT true regarding coenzymes?
Are protein in nature
131
If a molecule attaches to an enzyme at a site other than the active site and changes the enzyme’s affinity for its substrate without cleaving any existing bonds on the enzyme,
It is a V-type allosteric effector that lowers Vmax without altering Km
132
Which does not define proenzyme activation?
It is a reversible process
133
ATP acts as an allosteric activator of aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase). This means that:
The substrate saturation curve for Aspartate and ATCase shifts to the left, signifying increased affinity of ATCase for its substrate
134
Which of the following two enzymes are thought to be the major control enzymes of the TCA cycle?
α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase
135
Which of the following statements regarding the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex is INCORRECT?
One of its coenzymes - lipoic acid - comes from the vitamin B-carotene
136
The cleavage of the high-energy bond of ATP into ADP and Pi is an example of what type of reaction?
Hydrolysis
137
The fate of pyruvate depends on the cell’s metabolic needs. If the cell needs to increase its glucose concentration, pyruvate will be converted to:
Oxaloacetate
138
This is the major regulatory enzyme of glycolysis:
Phosphofructokinase-1
139
True of phosphofructokinase:
It is inhibited when the cell is rich in ATP
140
True of the citric acid cycle:
It is involved in both anabolic and catabolic cellular pathways
141
Which enzyme does not catalyze a reaction that generates NADH?
Succinate dehydrogenase
142
How many ATP can be formed from 1 mole of acetyl CoA that enters the citric acid cycle?
10
143
The growing fatty acid chain on the fatty acid synthase complex is elongated:
Two at a time, with the carbons added derived from malonyl-CoA
144
How does galactitol accumulation in the lens of the eye lead to the development of cataract?
Galactitol osmotically absorbs water into the lens leading to water retention and swelling
145
The enzyme aldose reductase converts:
glucose to sorbitol
146
The product of the phosphorylation of fructose by hexokinase
Fructose 1-phosphate
147
Glycogen synthase adds glucose residues to the glycogen primer in the form of:
UDP-glucose
148
Which enzymes involved in glycogen metabolism are acted upon by protein phosphatase?
Glycogen synthase and phosphorylase
149
The following are effects of epinephrine on glycogen metabolism, EXCEPT:
Inactivation of inhibitor-1
150
The presence of this enzyme will activate glycogen synthase
Protein phosphatase
151
A deficiency of the following enzymes will manifest with hepatomegaly, EXCEPT:
Glycogen synthase
152
What is the effect of cAMP-dependent protein kinase on the following enzymes involved in glycogen metabolism?
Activates phosphorylase kinase and inhibitor-1; inactivates glycogen synthase
153
A patient with Her’s disease, a condition due to deficiency of glycogen phosphorylase in the liver:
Cannot increase blood glucose level in response to glucagon
154
Upon the action of phosphorylase on glycogen, glucose residues are released in the form of:
Glucose 1-phosphate
155
Unlike liver glycogen, muscle glycogen cannot be used for the maintenance of blood glucose level because muscles lack:
Glucose 6-phosphatase
156
In the formation of branch points in glycogen, part of the glucose chain is transferred to which carbon atom of glucose in another chain?
C6
157
Glycerol produced from the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol in the adipose tissue, is phosphorylated to glycerol 3-phosphate and enters gluconeogenesis by conversion to:
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
158
The secretion of glucagon will promote the activity of the following enzymes, EXCEPT:
Phosphofructokinase
159
Propionate serves as substrate for gluconeogenesis through its conversion to this citric acid intermediate
Succinyl CoA
160
Which reaction involved in gluconeogenesis requires the presence of biotin as coenzyme?
pyruvate --> oxaloacetate
161
Cytochrome P450 is involved in the synthesis of this hormone:
Aldosterone
162
Which of the following enzymes would increase the level of hydrogen peroxide?
Oxidase
163
Which of the following systems has the lowest redox potential?
Hydrogen ion/hydrogen atom
164
How many high energy phosphates does ATP have?
2
165
NADP-linked dehydrogenases are involved in:
Reductive biosynthesis such as fatty acid synthesis
166
Which of the following has the highest affinity for electrons?
Oxygen
167
Which statement is NOT true of the synthesis of ketone bodies?
The presence of increased NAD/NADH ratio favors the formation of beta-hydroxybutyrate
168
What will be the net yield of ATP when palmitic acid, a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid undergoes beta oxidation?
129 ATPs
169
All of the following are true of NADP+-dependent malate dehydrogenase (malic enzyme) EXCEPT:
It is a mitochondrial enzyme
170
Mitochondrial oxaloacetate is produced during:
Gluconeogenesis
171
What substrate is directly used for fatty acid synthesis?
Acetyl CoA generated from the cleavage of citrate in the cytoplasm
172
The growing fatty acid chain on the fatty acid synthase complex is elongated:
Two at a time, with the carbons added derived from malonyl-CoA
173
Odd-chain long fatty acid breakdown produces:
Acetyl CoA and Propiony CoA
174
Which of the following uses fatty acids as its primary source of energy in the well-fed state?
Heart muscle
175
Which of the following organs relies solely on glucose as its source of energy?
Erythrocytes
176
In the citrate shuttle, citrate is transported from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm in exchange for which of the following?
Malate
177
In which of the following steps in fatty acid synthesis will NADPH be generated?
Malate to pyruvate conversion
178
Which of the following carries trigylcerides from the intestines to the adipose tissues?
Chylomicrons
179
Carnitine is produced by the combination of which of the following?
Acylcarnitine and CoA
180
Degradation of ketone bodies would yield which of the following?
Acetyl CoA
181
In the liver, glycerol is converted to this substrate for conversion to glucose:
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
182
This organ cannot utilize ketone bodies
Liver
183
Insulin deficiency leads to:
Diabetes mellitus
184
Glucagon stimulates
Activation of hormone sensitive lipase
185
The propionyl CoA produced from the beta-oxidation of odd- numbered fatty acids:
Enters the citric acid after conversion to succinyl CoA
186
Which statement is true regarding the fatty acid whose structure is given below? Note: Check graph #85
It is a 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid with 5 double bonds.
187
Which of the following lipooxygenases is needed for the synthesis of leukotrienes?
5-lipooxygenase
188
An 18-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid in trans configuration
Elaidic acid
189
The facial flushing and rapid heart rate associated with intake of alcoholic beverages is due to the increased level of:
Acetaldehyde
190
The density of the lipoproteins is directly proportional to:
The concentration of the protein component
191
The metabolism of ethanol results in an increased level of the following, EXCEPT:
Pyruvate
192
An increased level of cAMP in the adipose tissue will promote:
Lipolysis
193
True of Cholesterol:
Its free form is amphipathic
194
Cholesterol synthesis occurs in the:
Cytoplasm
195
What is the difference between fatty acid synthesis and cholesterol synthesis?
The final product in fatty acid synthesis is a 16-carbon compound while the final product in cholesterol synthesis is a 27-carbon compound
196
True of bile acids:
When conjugated, they become more water soluble
197
The conjugation of bile acids occurs in the:
Peroxisomes
198
In the enterohepatic circulation of bile,
95% of the bile salts secreted are reabsorbed and recycled
199
Cholelithiasis is due to:
Increased entry of cholesterol into the bile
200
The effect of bile acid sequestrants is to:
Increase bile acid excretion
201
Sphingolipidoses like Gaucher and Tay Sachs diseases result from:
Absence of enzymes that degrades sphingolipids in the lysosomes
202
Cardiolipin is also called:
Diphosphatidylglycerol
203
Phosphatidic acid is an intermediate in the synthesis of:
Phosphatidylcholine
204
These are sphingolipids containing an oligosaccharide chain with a sialic acid
Ganglioside
205
This anticoagulant forms a complex with plasminogen to enhance fibrin synthesis:
Streptokinase
206
This factor is activated by Factor XII
Factor XI
207
Which of the following activates factor XIII?
Thrombin
208
The major inhibitor molecule of your answer in number 82 is: Note: Check number 82 for refernece
Heme
209
How many iron atoms does hydroxymethylbilane (HMB) have?
| Note: In the questionaire, A. 1 B. 2 C. 4
None of the above
210
Which enzyme does not catalyze a condensation reaction?
Uroporphyrinogen III synthase
211
Biliverdin is converted to bilirubin by:
Reduction
212
The neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with ALA dehydratase deficiency are due to:
ALA accumulation
213
Rate limiting SUBSTRATE(not the same sa Enzyme ah
| ) of Purine synthesis
PRPP
214
Rate limiting ENZYME
PRPP-Gln Amidotransferase
215
Rate limiting enzyme and most impt. enz in glycolysis
PFK
216
For glycogenesis
Glycogen synthase/synthetase
217
For gylcogenolysis
Glycogen phosphorylase
218
Rate limiting enzyme ng gluconeogenesis
fructose 2,6 bisphosphatase
219
The only cell in our body which is capable of utilizing ONLY GLUCOSE for its source of energy
RBC
220
Also uses fatty acids as its source of energy
Heart
221
Produces ketones but does not use it bec. it lacks the enz. 3-ketoacyl transferase
Liver
222
Vit D Def in adults
Osteomalacia
223
Function of Vit B5 - active form
Constituent of Coenzyme-A, used as cofactor for acyl transferase and component of fatty acid synthase
224
Products of PPP
Ribose-5-phosphate and NADPH
225
Used for purine/pyrimidine (nucleotide) synthesis
Ribose-5-phosphate
226
Deficiency of vit b1
Beri-beri
227
Carbs to fats
Yes, bec. of Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH)
228
Fats to carbs
No bec. rxn of PDH is irreversible (one-way step)
229
True of the iron atom in heme
in REDUCED form (Fe+2)
230
ATP acts as an allosteric activator of aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase). This means that:
The substrate saturation curve for Aspartate and ATCase shifts to the left, signifying increased affinity of ATCase for its substrate
231
Which of the following two enzymes are thought to be the major control enzymes of the TCA cycle?
α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase
232
True of phosphofructokinase
It is inhibited when the cell is rich in ATP
233
True of the citric acid cycle:
It is involved in both anabolic and catabolic cellular pathways
234
How many ATP can be formed from 1 mole of acetyl CoA that enters the citric acid cycle?
10
235
Glycogen synthase adds glucose residues to the glycogen primer in the form of
UDP-glucose
236
What is the effect of cAMP-dependent protein kinase on the following enzymes involved in glycogen metabolism?
Activates phosphorylase kinase and inhibitor-1; inactivates glycogen synthase
237
Unlike liver glycogen, muscle glycogen cannot be used for the maintenance of blood glucose level because muscles lack:
Glucose 6-phosphatase
238
C2 of Purine
N10 - Formyl THF
239
C2 of Pyrimidine
CO2
240
Von Gierke's Disease
Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase
241
Cytochrome P450 is involved in the synthesis of this hormone:
Aldosterone
242
How many high energy phosphates does ATP have?
2
243
Which of the following has the highest affinity for electrons?
Oxygen
244
Which of the following uses fatty acids as its primary source of energy in the well-fed state?
HEART
245
In the citrate shuttle, citrate is transported from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm in exchange for which of the following?
MALATE
246
Which of the following carries trigylcerides from the INTESTINES to the adipose tissues?
CHYLOMICRONS
247
Degradation of ketone bodies would yield which of the following?
ACETYL-COA
248
An 18-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid in trans configuration
ELAIDIC ACID
249
The facial flushing and rapid heart rate associated with intake of alcoholic beverages is due to the increased level of:
ACETALDEHYDE
250
The density of the lipoproteins is directly proportional to:
The concentration of the protein component
251
True of Cholesterol: Its esterified form is a major constituent of the plasma membrane
Its free form is amphipathic
252
What is the difference between fatty acid synthesis and cholesterol synthesis?
The final product in fatty acid synthesis is a 16- carbon compound while the final product in cholesterol synthesis is a 27-carbon compound
253
True of bile acids
When conjugated, they become more water soluble
