Module One Vocabulary and Terminology Flashcards
(34 cards)
Linguistic Competence
the intuitive knowledge that a speaker has about their own language
Linguistic Performance
The observable use of a language
Performance Error
Errors made in language production
Speech Communication Chain
the sequence of a communication system
Speech Communication Steps
- Think of what to communicate
- Pick out words to express idea
- Put words together
- Figure out how to pronounce words
- Vocalize pronunciation
- Speak
- Perceive
- Decode
- Connect
Noise
Inference in communication chain
Lexicon
the collection of all known words, their functions, their pronunciation, and their relatability to other words
Mental Grammar
all the rules you know about your language
Language Variation
differences in mental grammar among speakers of the same or distinct languages
Descriptive Grammar
description of a speakers linguistic competence based on their linguistic performance
Evidence that writing and language are not the same
- writing must be taught
- Writing does not exist everywhere that spoken language does
- Processing and production of written language is overload on spoken language centres in the brain
- Writing can be edited before it is shared
- Writing is a later historical development than spoken language
Reasons some people believe that writing is superior to speech
- Writing ca be edited
- Writing must be taught
- Writing is more physically stable than spoken language
Prescriptive Grammar
the socially embedded notion of the correct way to use a language
Prescribe
authorized use of language
Charles Hockett’s nine design features
- Mode of communication
- Semanticity
- Pragmatic Function
- Interchangeability
- Cultural Transmission
- Arbitrariness
- Discreteness
- Displacement
- Productivity
Mode of Communications
mode of which messages are transmitted and received
Semanticity
all signals in a communication system must have a meaning or a function
Pragmatic Function
a communication system must serve some useful purpose
Interchangeability
ability of individuals to transmit and receive messages
Cultural Transmission
aspects of language that can only be acquired through communicative interactions with other users of the same system
Arbitrariness
a word’s meaning is not related to its linguistic form, nor is its form dictated by its meaning
Linguistic Sign
the combination of a form and a meaning
Convention
certain groups of sounds match with a particular meaning
Nonarbitrariness
the direct correspondence between physical properties of a form an the meaning that the form refers to
