Module Two Flashcards
(47 cards)
What is a unicellular organism?
An organisms that contains only one cell, which can be either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Short lifetime, high SA:V.
What is a colonial organism?
Colonial organisms are made up of a group of identical single-celled organisms collectively called a colony.
What is a multicellular organism?
An organism made up of many different types of cells. The cells are specialised and cannot live independently.
What is cell specialisation?
The particular functions that a cell has.
What is differetiation?
A process that a stem cell undergoes to become specialised.
What is a tissue?
A collection of cells in an organism that have a similar function and common function.
What is an organ?
A group of tissues that perform a specific function.
What is an organ system?
A group of organs that work together to carry out a particular task.
What is a palisade cell?
It is the primary site of photosynthesis.
What is the purpose of a guard cell?
Help regulate the rate of transpiration by opening and closing the stomata.
What is the purpose of the companion cell?
control movement of sugars within phloem.
What are the three main function of leaves?
- to be a site for photosynthesis.
- to remove excess water
- to store food and water and provide structure.
What is the anatomy of the plant
1) outermost layer is the epidermis
2) Guard cells in the epidermic form pores known as stomata.
3) Chloroplasts are embedded in the inner tissues
What is the xylem?
Strong, thick tubes composed of dead cells that carry water and minerals up from the roots through to the stems to the leaves.
What is the phloem?
Phloem is composed of living tissues which transport sucrose around the plant.
What is a heterotroph?
An organisms that cannot produce its own food therefore obtaining its nutrients by consuming other living organisms.
What is the purpose of the shoot system?
The stem provides support and a pathway for nutrients and the leaf absorbs sunlight and CO2.
What is an autotroph?
An organisms capable of synthesising its own food from inorganic substances.
What is the main function of the root system?
To anchor the plant and absorb water, inorganic nutrients from the soil.
How are MRI’s used to image plants?
visualise internal structures of plants. It is non-invasive and therefore has the potential to monitor physiological processes in real time. It can be used to study roots in real time as they grow in a clear container.
How are PET scans used to image plants?
to provide functional information about transport and process in plants.
How are X-ray’s used to image plants?
non-invasive approach to 3D visualisation and quantification of biological structures. It works by placing a sample positioned in an x-ray beam and rotating it so hundreds of images are recorded from different angles creating a 3D image.
How can photosynthesis be traced?
- by using radioactive oxygen in water to trace its movement as it is produced as pure oxygen
- by using C14 to monitor the transportation of glucose in plants.
What are the features of efficient gaseous exchange structures?
- Large SA
- Moist, thin surface
- Close proximity to efficient transport system
- Have greater concentration of required gas.
