MODULE-V

Question 1

Human pregnancy lasts
for a period of

Answer 1

266 to 280 days (37-40 weeks)

Question 2

Dietary guideline during pregnancy and lactation

Dietary guideline during pregnancy and lactation

 A daily increase of ____calories is recommended
during the second trimester of pregnancy, and an
increase of ____ calories is recommended during the
third trimester of pregnancy

Answer 2

340

452

Question 3

MATERNAL WEIGHT GAIN
FETUS

Answer 3

7.5

Question 4

UTERUS

Answer 4

2.0

Question 5

PLACENTA

Answer 5

1.5

Question 6

AMNIOTIC FLUID

Answer 6

2.0

Question 7

BLOOD VOLUME

Answer 7

3.0

Question 8

EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
ACCRETION

Answer 8

2.0

Question 9

BREAST TISSUE

Answer 9

1

Question 10

FAT

Answer 10

9.0

Question 11

Recommended weight during first trimester is

Answer 11

1
to 4 lb.

Question 12

Recommended weight fain is ____ lb per
month during the second and third trimesters

Answer 12

2 to 4

Question 13

Underweight Risk

Answer 13

High risk of havinglow-birth weight infants; higher ratesof pre-termdeath and infant deaths.

Question 14

Overweight and Obese Risk:

Answer 14

highriskofcomplication like hypertension, gestationaldiabetes, and postpartuminfections;complication of labor delivery; increasedlikelihood of a difficult labor anddelivery, birthtrauma, and cesarean section for larg

Question 15

Lactating women

additional daily intakeof ____calories is recommended during thefirst 6months

____caloriesisrecommended during the second 6 months.

Answer 15

330

400

Question 16

Dietary requirement for major nutrients
– for normal woman proteinshouldcomprise ___ of daily total calorieintake

Answer 16

20%

Question 17

Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for proteinduring pregnancy is ___

Answer 17

1.1g/kg/day.

Question 18

Proteinisessential for

Answer 18

rapid tissue growthof maternaland fetal structures, amoniotic fluid, andextrablood volume

Question 19

Women who are pregnant should be aware that ___sources of proteinmight contain large amounts of fats.

Answer 19

animal

Question 20

FAO/WHO recommends anadditional ___of protein per day for the later part of pregnancy.

Answer 20

9g

Question 21

Pregnant Adolescents (ages 16-19)d
they should aim for a total of ___ protein

Answer 21

73 grams per day.

Question 22

Fats should be limited to ___of total dailycalorie intake.

Answer 22

30%

Question 23

Carbohydrates should comprise____of thetotal daily calorie intake. Ensuringadequatecarbohydrate intake allows for proteintobespared and available for the synthesisof fetaltissue.

Answer 23

50%

Question 24

Vitamins are essential for_____ Comparative Dietary Reference Intakes
(DRIs) of major vitamins for women age 19-30
during nonpregnancy, pregnancy, and lactation.

Answer 24

blood formation, absorption of iron, and development of fetal
tissue.

Question 25

Fluid: ____ mL of fluids daily from food and drinks

Answer 25

2000 to 3000

Question 26

: Caffeine ____. However, moderate use (less than ____mg/day) does not appear to be harmful.

Answer 26

crosses the placenta and can affect the movement and heart rate of the fetus 300

Question 27

Iron can be obtained from ____Consuming foods high in vitamin ____aids in the absorption of iron.

Answer 27

dairy products and meats, especially red meats. | C

Question 28

For nausea, eat _____Avoid alcohol, caffeine, fats, and spices. Avoid drinking fluids with meals, and do not take medication to control nausea without checking with the provider

Answer 28

dry crackers or toast.

Question 29

For constipation –

Answer 29

Increase fluid consumption and include extra fiber in the diet. Fruits, vegetable and whole grains contain fiber.

Question 30

is amaternalgenetic disease in which high level of phenylalaninepose danger to the fetus.

Answer 30

Maternal phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 31

Toxemia

Answer 31

rapid weight gain edema highbloodpressures excretion of albumin in theurine convulsion

Question 32

Two classification of toxemia:

Answer 32

Acute toxemia ofpregnancy (onset after the 24th week) andChronichypertensive (vascular) disease.

Question 33

 Anemia

Answer 33

– the classic macrocytic anemiaofpregnancy represents a combined deficiencyof ironand folic acid.

Question 34

Rapid weight gain or loss

Answer 34

– the popular conceptof“eating for two” is not valid amongwell-nourishedmothers and may lead to overweight withconsequent toxemia, difficulties of labor, andbirthof large sickly babies.

Question 35

Diabetes

Answer 35

– pregnant women with diabetesismoreprone to develop pre-eclampsia, pyelonephritis, andpolyhydramnios (an excess of amnioticfluid), andher baby has a higher risk of dyinginuterooratbirth. Rigid control of maternal bloodglucoseconcentration is considered vital for agoodprognosis of the fetus.

Question 36

Socio-economic and cultural factors

Answer 36

Low-income groups tend to havebigfamilies,one reason for the decreaseinkindandamount of food available tothepregnantmothe Fallacies should be ignored. (e.g. that eatingeggplant causes beriberi in the mother)

Question 37

Excessive maternal alcohol ingestion islinked to

Answer 37

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).

Question 38

Excessive maternal alcohol ingestionislinkedto fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Its major features are

Answer 38

CNS disorders, mental retardation,growth deficiencies, and facial deformities.

Question 39

Smoking during pregnancy_ Smoking seems to affect the conversion of dietary calories into ___

Answer 39

lowers the mean birth weight and increases the risk of perinatal mortality. weight gain

Question 40

Infants refers to a

Answer 40

person not more than12monthsofage

Question 41

A healthy full-term infant weighs to ____and measures ____ inlength.

Answer 41

3.2kg(6-7lbs)| 48 to 50 cm (19-20 inches)

Question 42

Infants Birth weight doubles by 4 to 6monthsandtriples by 1 year of age. The needof caloriesand nutrients is high to support therapidrateofgrowth

Question 43

Appropriate weight gain averages0.15to0.21kg (5 to 7 oz) per week during the5-6months,approximately 1.25 cm(0.5in) inheight permonth the last 6 months

Question 44

An infant grows approximately 2.3cm (1 in) per month in height the first 6 months, an approximately 1.25 cm (0.5 in) in height per month the last 6 months.

Question 45

Head circumference increases rapidly during the first 6 months at a rate of 1.5 cm (0.6 in) per month. The rate slows to 0.5cm/month for months 6 to 12. By 1 year, head size should have increased by 33%. This is reflective of the growth of the nervous system.

Question 46

Formula feeding

Answer 46

is feeding the infant with formula designed to match the nutritional ratio of breast milk composition, diluted with water to reduce protein and mineral concentration, and added with carbohydrate to increase energy value.

Question 47

Weaning - developmentally, the infant is ready for weaning from the breast or bottle to a cup between _____ months of age

Answer 47

5 to 8

Question 48

Introducing solid food –

Answer 48

on the 4th month, test his/her readiness to accept new foods by placing a teaspoon between the lips. Avoid forcing the baby to eat if he/she is not yet ready

Question 49

Semi-solid food should not be introduced before 4 months of age to coincide with the development of head control, ability to sit, and the back-and-forth motion of the tongue

Question 50

Iron-fortified cerea

Answer 50

is the first solidfoodintroduced as gestation iron storesbegintodeplete around 4 months of age.

Question 51

 Cow’s milk

Answer 51

should not be introducedintothediet until 1 year of age becauseproteinandmineral content stress the immaturekidney.Ayoung infant cannot fully digest theproteinandfat contained in cow’s milk.

Question 52

Colic what causes treatment

Answer 52

– is characterized by persistent crying lasting 3 hrs or longer per day unknown, but usually occurs in the late afternoon, more than 3 days per week for more than 3 weeks. The crying is accompanied by a tense abdomen and legs drawn up to the belly. Usually resolves by 3 months of age. If breastfeeding, eliminating cruciferous vegetables, cow’s milk, onion, and chocolate may be helpful. Burp the infant in an upright position. Reassure parents that colic is transient and does not indicate more serious problems or a lack of parental ability.

Question 53

Lactose intolerance what causes treatment

Answer 53

– is the inability to digest significant amounts of lactose and ids due to inadequate lactase Clinical findings include abdominal distention, flatus, and occasional diarrhea Either soy-based(ProSObeeorIsomil)orcaseinhydrolysate(NutramigenorPregestimil) formulascanbeprescribedasalternativeformulas

Question 54

Failure to thrive what causes treatment

Answer 54

is inadequate gains in weight and height in comparison to established growth and development norms. Assess for clinical finding of congenital defects, central nervous systemdisorders, or partial intestinal obstruction. Assess for swallowing or suckling problems.  Identify feeding patterns, especially concerning preparation of formulas.  Assess for psychosocial problems, especially parentinfant bonding. Provide supportive nutritional guidance. A high-calorie, high-protein diet is usually indicated. Provide supportive parenting guidance

Question 55

Diarrhea what causes treatment

Answer 55

– is characterized by the passage of more than three loose, watery stools over a 24- hr period Over feeding and food intolerances are common cause of osmotic diarrhea. Infectious diarrhea in the infants are commonly by rotavirus. Mild diarrhea may require no special interventions  Moderate diarrhea – at home with oral rehydration solutions (Pedialyte,Infalyt e, ReVital) or generic equivalents. After each loose stool, 8 oz of solution should be given. Sports drinks are contraindicated  Breastfed infants should continue nursing Contact the provider if clinical findings of dehydrations are present, or if vomiting, bloody stools, high fever, change in mental status, or refusal to take liquids occurs

Question 56

Constipation is what causes treatment

Answer 56

the inabilityor difficulty to evacuate the bowels. Constipation is not a commonproblem for breastfed infants Constipation may be caused by formula that is too concentrated or by inadequate carbohydrate intake - Stress the importance of accuratedilution of formula. Advise adherence to the recommended amount of formula intake for age.