Modules 1-2 History and Issues of Psych

Question 1

How did Socrates & Plato’s view of the mind differ from Aristotle’s?

Answer 1

Socrates and Plato believed that knowledge was born within us

Aristotle believed that knowledge was not preexisting, and had to be gained through experiences stored in memories.

Question 2

How did Descartes view the mind?

Answer 2

agreed with Socrates and Plato.

He believed the mind and body were separate

Question 3

Explain John Locke’s idea of tabula rasa as a way of describing the mind.

Answer 3

Tabula Rasa; meaning “Blank Slate”, in which experience writes.

Question 4

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 4

Father of Psychology.
created one of the first Psychological experiments and even started the first Psychological Laboratory.

Question 5

structuralism and who is associated with it?

Answer 5

The Early school of thought by using introspection to reveal structure of the human mind.

promoted by Wundt and Titchener.

Question 6

functionalism and who is associated with it?

Answer 6

Early school of thought that explored how mental and behavioral processes function–how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.

Promoted by James and influenced by Darwin

Question 7

Mary Whiton Calkins

Answer 7

First female president of the APA

Question 8

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 8

Margaret Floy was the first woman to graduate with a Psychology Ph.D.

Question 9

experiment psychologists

Answer 9

Explore behavior and thinking through experimentation

Question 10

What was the name of the first psychology textbook & who wrote it?

Answer 10

Principles of Psychology, by William James

Question 11

Behaviorism

Answer 11

The study of observable behavior. Pioneered by John B. Watson and P. F. Skinner

Question 12

Psychoanalytic

Answer 12

The study of how the unconscious mind affects our behavior. Pioneered by Sigmund Freud

Question 13

Humanistic

Answer 13

Was the study of potential human growth and development. Pioneered by Carl Rogers.

Question 14

Cognitive Neuroscience

Answer 14

The study of the brain, linked with cognition. Pioneered by multiple Psychologists during the 1960’s.

Question 15

nature-nurture issue

Answer 15

Controversy over relative contributions that genes and experience make development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees traits from nature and nurture.
-Controversy between Psych and Science

Question 16

How did Locke & Descartes disagree about the mind?

Answer 16

Locke believed the mind was a blank slate.

Descartes believed knowledge was innate

Question 17

How does Darwin’s natural selection theory apply to psychology?

Answer 17

He believed his theory explained animal structures and behaviors

Question 18

biopsychosocial approach of psychology

Answer 18

That behavior and mental processes are based on Biological, Psychological, and Social-Cultural influences.

Question 19

Behavioral Approach

Answer 19

How we learn observable responses

Question 20

Biological Approach

Answer 20

How genes combine w/ environment to influence us

Question 21

Cognitive Approach

Answer 21

How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information

Question 22

Evolutionary Approach

Answer 22

How natural selection of traits promote survival

Question 23

Humanistic Approach

Answer 23

How we meet our psychological needs to achieve self-fulfillment

Question 24

Psychodynamic Approach

Answer 24

How our unconsious drives promote behavior

Question 25

Social-Cultural Approach

Answer 25

How culture and people drive behavior and thinking