Modules 2&3 Quiz Flashcards
(19 cards)
Michaelangelo and Carrevagio
- Renaissance
- year 1500
-catholic church - rules around columns are very strict
- Roman forum (begun 110 CE)
- Triumphant arches of Rome
Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
- St peter’s basilica Vatican City Rome
- 1508-12
- Artist: Michelangelo
- Patron: pope Julius II
- Subject: old testament scenes
- Medium: Fresco - water based pigments are applied directly onto wet plaster
Judith Beheading Holofernes
- Baroque art
- Artist: Carrevagio
- 1599
- Aggressive, potent
What is a portrait:
Some portraits show us very closely how a person looked in real life, while others tell us more about a person’s social station.
On one hand, all portraits represent something about the body or face, and on the other hand, the soul, character, or virtues of the subject.
Portraits of Roman Emperor Augustus
- (63 BCE-18 CE)
- Visualized very young
- Aging up portraits
visualize someones ancestral ties
Older and wiser political strategy
Titian, Portrait of ISabella d’Este
- (c.1530)
- Pictured very young, 60 y.o
Statue of Gudea
- 2090 BCE
- Material: Direite
- Commissioner of temples
- neo -sumerian
- Always depicted with the same features: hair/hat, Square features, Bare feet
- Inscriptions on clothing
- “arm put by the god” to mean divinely endowed strength
- “Wide of ear” to mean attentive and wise
- Less of a body how it looked and more of a culturally specific code
Hatshepsut
- 5th ruler of 18th Dynasty
- A female pharaoh
- many were granite
- While she was alive she built her mortuary temple (1479-1458 BCE)
- tomb tells the story of her life
- statues mirror pharoah’s who came before her
- Disregarding female traits in statues
Benin Bronzes
- Kingdom of Benin (c. 1180-1897)
- Also called Edo
- plaques depict the history of the Oba (head of state)
- oral history: memory aids
-raided by British - bronze brought by Portuguese
- High relief
- Lost wax casting technique
- Image afterlife
- debate of ownership
Daguerreotype
- The first publicly available type of photography
- Presented to the french academie des sciences
- Creates unique (not reproducible) images on polished silver-plated copper
Calotype
-Willian Henry Fox Talbot
-Allows someone to make a negative and use it as a print matrix to produce photos
Not as crisp as daguerreotypes, but they needed much shorter exposure times
Chartres
- East west orientation
- Restored from pollution and candle smoke
- Three main portals with tympanum sculpture leading into the nave
depicts ancient history, modern philosophy, religious history, Christian cosmology
Cathedral of notre dame:
Gothic architecture
Human and lively
“Transported to a higher world” through high ceilings, acoustics, stained glass
Durham cathedral
Romanesque architecture
Stylized and blocky
Sanchi
The Great Stupa, Sanchi, India, Buddhist, began 3rd c. BCE finished around 1st c. BCE
Also a relic site and pilgrimage site
Patron: Ashoka from the Mauryan dynasty
Some of the Buddha’s ashes are here
Ashoka was 200 years away from the Buddha
84,000 Stupas that Ashoka made
Emphasize that he is a teacher with teachings that can be followed
The mound is treated as a tomb, not something you can enter. Meant to circumambulate
Each torana gate is linked with one aspect of the Buddha’s life
East: his birth
North: nirvana
South: enlightenment
West: first sermon
Key points on the formation of buddhism
Siddhartha gautama (the buddha) born 563 BCE
Renounces noble titles
Mediated under bodhi tree for 49 days
Achieves enlightenment
Humans are in a continuous cycle of death and rebirth and to break this cycle and achieve nirvana
Identified the need to release mortal souls from the cycle of death and rebirth
Gimes first sermon at Deer Park (setting the wheel of law in motion)
angkor wat
C. 1116-1150, Khmer Empire, Ankor, Cambodia
Sandstone
Blocked by moat with one entrance and a bridge
Tomb and a place for active worship
Rooted in Hindu practice
Name lost, title is designation of town
Mt: Meru: sacred 5 peaked mountain in Hindum Buddist, and Join cosmology
Axis Mundi: cosmic acis that links heaven and earth
Mandala: symbolic diagrams used in hindu and buddhist traditions that represent the universe and are used in the performance of sacred sites
Temples are usually the centre of town, but this is very specifically placed within a line to the solstice and equinox. Heavenly alignment.
Naga Sculpture around the moat, multiple headed serpent
Teotihuacan
“Teotihuacanos” lived from approx. 100 BCE - 700 BCE
Region later found by Aztecs who made pilgrimages to this site and recognized it as a sacred center
Religious syncretism
Considered, but not associated with the Olmecs. Dismissed because of styles and lack of portraits
Aztecs names it Teotihuacan
Avenue of the dead leads to the moon
The sun temple aligns with the equinox. Moon, sun, and mountains (Cero Gordo) line up
Not tied to a NESW axis, tied to other things
Although it is abandoned, it is believed to once be a center that could support broader habitation at this site
Quetzalcoatl (feathered serpent) god of vegetation
Human remains found at the temple of the sun
Sinkhole opened up and tunnel was found by temple of Quetzalcoatl
Entrances were closed up
Economy of city relied on obsidian
the forbidden city
Yongle Emperor
Inner city exclusive to the imperial family
Capital of China moved from Nanjing to Beijing
Boundaries that people cannot cross
Walls, moats, combination
Inner court - outer court
Doors are more like gates, going through to whatever lies beyond which you cannot see
Wu Men gate
Hall of Supreme Harmony: emperor’s throne room is the boundary of how far you can go based on status
machu Picchu
Built for Inca emperor Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui in 15th century, abandoned by 16th century
Designed to be an imperial retreat from Cusco
NOT a center
Religious destination: Incan religion involved the Sun, king was known as the “Sun king” mountains were treated as sacred
Steps used to turn into farmable space
Masonry is incredibly well done and stable
Dura Europos
Syrian region
Been under many regines of power - NEVER a center, more a frontier town
Euphrates river
Founded c.300BCE, abandoned c.256-7CE. Never built on top of again
Multicultural hub
cult of mithras
House of worship called mithraeum
Mithrais fighting the cosmic bull
Exclusively men
The Great Mosque of Cordoba
Church and a Mosque
Mosque goes up in the 8th century
Umayed mosque
Cultural and political hubs are inaccessible because of Abbasid territories (enemies)
Minaret call to prayer
Historically the only open threshold was to enter into the courtyard
Courtyard intended to also prepare your body to enter the sacred space
Prayer hall pillars support the building and create unique sightlines
Mihrab: a niche in the wall at the point of the building that is closest to Mecca, marks the direction of where to face for prayer
Qibla: the wall that frames the mihrab
Maqsura: an enclosure around the mihrab
Repurposed the Roman marble columns
Mosque was converted to a christian church in the 13th century
