Moh's Hardness Scale

Question 1

Mohs Hardness Scale 1

Answer 1

Talc

Question 2

Mohs Hardness Scale 2

Answer 2

Gypsum

Question 3

Mohs Hardness Scale 3

Answer 3

Calcite

Question 4

Mohs Hardness Scale 4

Answer 4

Flourite

Question 5

Mohs Hardness Scale 5

Answer 5

Apatite

Question 6

Mohs Hardness Scale 6

Answer 6

Orthoclase Feldspar

Question 7

Mohs Harness Scale 7

Answer 7

Quartz

Question 8

Mohs Hardness Scale 8

Answer 8

Topaz

Question 9

Mohs Hardness Scale 9

Answer 9

Corundum

Question 10

Mohs Hardness Scale 10

Answer 10

Diamond

Question 11

Mnemonic for Mohs Hardness Scale

Answer 11

Ten Green Cows Fly Around Our Quiet Tiny Country Dwellings

Question 12

Define Matter

Answer 12

Matter is anything that has mass and volume.

Question 13

What are the three states of matter

Answer 13

Solid: definite shape and size
Liquid: indefinite shape, definite size
Gas: indefinite shape, indefinite size and unionized.
Plasma: indefinite shape, indefinite size, ionized.

Question 14

Chemical Properties

Answer 14

Flammability, reactivity, explosiveness, unflammability. Must change to observe.

Question 15

Physical property

Answer 15

mass, volume, color, temperature. Can observe through measurement.

Question 16

States of matter

Answer 16

S, L equals melting
L, S equals melting
L, G equals boiling
G, L equals condensation
S, G equals sublimation
G, S equals deposition

Question 17

examples of physical changes

Answer 17

Changes in state of (matter, boiling, condensation, freezing, melting, sublimation, deposition)
changes in size (ripping, tearing, breaking, dissolving)

Question 18

Examples of chemical changes

Answer 18

fizzing, change and odor, changing texture, changing color, production of heat/cooling effect/light

Question 19

Changes in rocks

Answer 19

minerals inside of rocks can go through many changes due to their environment:
chemical changes – changes in the chemical arrangement of rocks
Physical changes – changes in the size, shape, or state of matter of the rocks

Question 20

types of substances

Answer 20

Pure substance, elements, Compound

Question 21

mixtures

Answer 21

Homogeneous mixtures – solutions – uniform throughout (difficult to separate)
Genius, mixtures – non-uniform composition (easily identifiable, separate portions, easily separated)
No: when substances are mixed, they blend their properties

Question 22

Tricky mixtures

Answer 22

Call Lloyd, alloys, solution, suspension

Question 23

Colloid

Answer 23

A heterogeneous mixture that can only be distinguished by looking through a microscope (jello, blood, milk, fog)

Question 24

Alloy

Answer 24

A homogeneous mixture of two or more metals (brass, 14 karat gold pewter, steel)

Question 25

Solution

Answer 25

when solids, liquids, or gases are dissolved into each other (homogeneous)

Question 26

suspension

Answer 26

went two or more substances mixed, but then separate overtime (muddy water, and water and oil

Question 27

separation techniques for mixtures

Answer 27

Distillation, centrifugation, chromatography, magnetism, filtration, evaporation, manual separation

Question 28

distillation

Answer 28

Used to separate substances of different boiling points

Question 29

Centrifugation

Answer 29

Used to separate substances based on their densities

Question 30

Chromatography

Answer 30

Used to separate substances based on how fast they diffuse through an apparatus

Question 31

Magnetisum

Answer 31

use to separate magnetic, and non-magnetic substances

Question 32

filtration

Answer 32

Separates solids from liquids

Question 33

Evaporation

Answer 33

Separates a solid that is dissolved into a liquid

Question 34

manual separation

Answer 34

Picking things out by hand

Question 35

minerals versus rocks

Answer 35

– Minerals are chemical compounds or elements that occur naturally in their solid form on earth – Rocks are solid combinations of one or more minerals

Question 36

minerals

Answer 36

Minerals are pure substances, but maybe either elements or compounds, but must be solids – Gold is an element and salt is a compound Minerals are created from the cooling of lava or magma. This is required. Rocks can be homogeneous or heterogeneous

Question 37

mineral properties

Answer 37

Streak, hardness, luster, reactivity, cleavage/fracture, magnetism

Question 38

streak

Answer 38

Minerals are crushed, and their true color is analyzed by spreading the crushed minerals across an unglazed porcelain plate

Question 39

hardness

Answer 39

Ability of a mineral to resist scratching

Question 40

luster

Answer 40

The way light interacts with the surface of the mineral

Question 41

reactivity

Answer 41

What the mineral reacts with?

Question 42

cleavage/fracture

Answer 42

How the mineral breaks

Question 43

magnetism

Answer 43

Whether or not the mineral is attracted to magnets

Question 44

MOHS, hardness scale

Answer 44

Talc, gypsum, calcite, fluorite, apatite, orthoclase, quartz, topaz, corundum, diamond: 10 green cows fly around our quiet, tiny country dwelling

Question 45

Cleavage versus fracture

Answer 45

Cleavage: smooth Fracture: jagged

Question 46

luster

Answer 46

Metallic, dull, vitreous, pearly

Question 47

The atom

Answer 47

- Atoms are made of protons, different elements, are distinguished by the number of protons they have - Neutrons add mass to the atom and provide a barrier between the protons - electrons balance out the positive charge of the protons

Question 48

The locations

Answer 48

Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus and electrons orbit, the atom in the " electron cloud"

Question 49

The atomic number Z

Answer 49

It tells us the number of protons and the number of protons identifies the chemical symbol

Question 50

mass number A

Answer 50

- equation: #P^+ + #N^0 - The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons added together - Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons - Therefore, atoms of the same element will have the same Z but a different a

Question 51

charge C

Answer 51

- charge describes how many more or fewer protons are in the atom than electrons - charged atoms are called ions - c= #p^+ - #e^-

Question 52

Isotope notation

Answer 52

A: mass number Z: atomic number C: charge x: Chemical symbol

Question 53

Isotope notation number two

Answer 53

We can also write isotopes as the following: number of element – mass number, example, 12 C equals carbon – 12

Question 54

whats a pure substance

Answer 54

– Pure substance: contains a single kind of material

Question 55

element

Answer 55

– Element, primary constituent of matter (cannot be chemically changed into a different form, found on the periodic table)

Question 56

what is a compound

Answer 56

- Compound: made of two or more elements in a fixed ratio (can be separated into simpler substances via chemical reaction, properties differ from parent elements and differ, depending on what other elements they are paired with, different compounds can have the same types of elements, but different ratios)