Molecular

Question 1

DNA exists in the condensed, ______, form in order to fit into the nucleus.

Answer 1

chromatin, of which there are 2 types

Question 2

_____ charged DNA loops _____ times around _____ octomers, forming _____.

Answer 2

Negatively, two, histone, nucleosomes

Question 3

Histones are rich in the amino acids ____ and _____.

Answer 3

HAL: Histones are rich in Arginine and Lysine

Question 4

Barr bodies are ______. They are a type of ______atin.

Answer 4

Inactive X chromosomes. Heterochromatin.

Question 5

___ binds to the nucleosome and to “linker DNA.”

Answer 5

H1

Question 6

Histone synthesis occurs during _____ phase.

Answer 6

S

Question 7

Methylation and acetylation as they relate to heterochromatin.

Answer 7

More methylation, less acetylation

Question 8

Unlike ____ chromatin, which is not actively tscribed, less-condensed _____ chromatin is expressed.

Answer 8

Euchromatin is Expressed. Heterochromatin is Hoarded.

Question 9

These amino acids are _____ylated on template strands in order to allow ______ enzymes to distinguish between the old and new in a type of organism called _____.

Answer 9

The Model is Methylated to allow Mismatch repair Mismatch repair enzymes Prokaryotes Methylation of Adenine and Cytosine (MAC) allows mismatch repair

Question 10

DNA methylation at ____ islands represses transcription.

Answer 10

CpG

Question 11

Effect of histone methylation

Answer 11

Histone Methylation Mostly Makes DNA Mute, depending on location

Question 12

Effect of histone acetylation

Answer 12

Histone Acetylation makes DNA Active, relaxes the coils

Question 13

Nucleoside is composed of

Answer 13

A base + deoxyribose

Question 14

Nucleotide

Answer 14

Base + deoxyribose + phosphaTe

Question 15

During DNA synthesis _ end of incoming nucleotide bears the triphosphate. Triphosphate bond is target of _____ _____ attack.

Answer 15

5’

3’ hydroxyl attack

Question 16

Leflunomide

Answer 16

Disrupts pyrimidine synthesis by inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase

Question 17

The amino acids necessary for purine synthesis are:

Answer 17

glycine, aspartate, glutamine

purines are made from GLASS

Question 18

_____ of uracil makes thymine.

Answer 18

Methylation

Question 19

A and G are _____ines.

Answer 19

PUR As Gold

(purines)

Question 20

The pyrimidines include

Answer 20

Cytosine, thymine/uracil

CUT the PY

Question 21

There are ____ drugs which disrupt pyrimidine synthesis.

Answer 21

5

Question 22

The drugs which disrupt pyrimidine synthesis inhibit one of ____ enzymes

Answer 22

3

Question 23

Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase is inhibited by

Answer 23

leflunomide

Question 24

dihydrofolate reductase is inhibited by ___ drugs,

Answer 24

3

METHotrexate

triMETHoprim

pyriMETHamine

Question 25

By forming \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, 5-flourouracil inhibits \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 25

5-F-dUMP, thymidylate synthase