Molecular Biology 2.1 Flashcards
(20 cards)
4 types of molecules in living organisms
1) Carbohydrates
2) lipids
3)Proteins
4)Nucleic acids
NOTE: They all are organic.
What are aqua-porins ?
Channels that allow water molecules to pass through membrane.
What are monomers of Carbohydrates called ?
Monosaccharides
What are monomers of lipids called ?
Glycerol, fatty acids
What are monomers of Proteins (polypeptides) called ?
Amino acids
What are monomers of Nucleic acids called ?
Nucleotide
Monosaccharides Examples
1) Glucose
2) Galactose
3) Fructose
4) Ribose
Disaccharides Examples
1) Maltose
2) Lactose
3) Sucrose
Polysaccharides Examples
1) Starch
2) Glycogen
3) Cellulose
4) Chitin
Proteins Examples
Enzymes, antibodies,peptide hormones.
Lipids Examples
1) Triglycerides= Fats stored in adipose cells
2) Phospholipids= lipids forming a bilayer
3) Steroids= Some Hormones
Types of Nucleic acids
1) DNA
2) RNA
3) ATP
Metabolism is equal to
Catabolism+Anabolism
Catabolism definition
Conversion of large molecules to small molecules
Anabolism definition
Conversion of small molecules to large molecules
What is Hydrolysis ?
The chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.
1) Water always splits as part of this reaction.
2) Water molecules are reactants
Hydrolysis Of Lactose
Lactose +water = glucose + galactose
Hydrolysis Of a triglyceride lipid to form glycerol and fatty acids
Triglyceride + 3H2O =Glycerol + 3 fatty acids
What is condensation reaction?
During condensation reaction, two molecules combine to form a single molecule with the loss of a small molecule; in dehydration reaction, this lost molecule is water.
1) Water molecules are products rather than reactants
Example of condensation Reaction
amino acids= protein+water
