Molecular bonding

Question 1

what is a condensation reaction?

Answer 1

reaction that occurs when two molecules are joined together with the removal of water

Question 2

what is hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 2

reaction that occurs when a molecule is split into two smaller molecules with the addition of water

Question 3

what is a monomer?

Answer 3

a small molecule which binds to many other identical molecules to form a polymer

Question 4

what is a polymer?

Answer 4

a large molecule made from many smaller molecules called monomers (think hundreds)

Question 5

what does hydrolysis stand for?

Answer 5

water, splitting

Question 6

what does a condensation reaction do in relation to bonding?

Answer 6

breaking and formation of covalent bonds

Question 7

what is a dimer?

Answer 7

when two monomers join together

Question 8

what are the main types of biological molecule necessary to function?

Answer 8

carbohydrates, proteins, water, nucleic acid, lipids

Question 9

name 6 monosaccarides

Answer 9

glucose, fructose, galactose, maltose, sucrose, lactose

Question 10

what is glycogen structurally?

Answer 10

polymer of glucose in animals

Question 11

what is cellulose structurally?

Answer 11

polymer of glucose in plant cell wall

Question 12

what is polymerisation?

Answer 12

the process on joining monomers together to make a polymer

Question 13

what is starch structurally?

Answer 13

polymer of glucose in plants

Question 14

what are macromolecules?

Answer 14

very large molecules

Question 15

how many atoms do macromolecules have?

Answer 15

1000 or more (tf have a high molecular mass)

Question 16

are macromolecules and polymers the same?

Answer 16

polymers can be macromolecules, however, not all macromolecules are polymers as the subunits of polymers have to be the same repeating units

Question 17

what is a covalent bond?

Answer 17

the sharing of two or more electrons between two atoms

Question 18

when is a non-polar bond formed?

Answer 18

if the electrons are shared equally (the electronegativities are equal)

Question 19

when is a polar bond formed?

Answer 19

when the electronegatitvities

Question 20

what are carbohydrates made up of?

Answer 20

C, H and O

Question 21

what are proteins made up of?

Answer 21

C, H, O, N and S

Question 22

what are nuclei acids made up of?

Answer 22

C, H, O, N and P

Question 23

what are lipids made up of structurally?

Answer 23

triglyceride

Question 24

why are organic compounds very stable if they contain carbon atoms?

Answer 24

carbon atoms can form 4 covalent bonds (very strong tf require a large amount of energy)

Question 25

what can polymers can carbon atoms form?

Answer 25

straight chains, branched chains or rings

Question 26

what are the three types of carbohydrates?

Answer 26

monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides

Question 27

what are two types of nucleic acid?

Answer 27

rNA and DNA

Question 28

what is rNA?

Answer 28

ribonucleic acid

Question 29

what is DNA?

Answer 29

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 30

what is the difference between between rNA and DNA?

Answer 30

rNA- ribose DNA- deoxyribose

Question 31

what will monosaccharides always taste like?

Answer 31

sweet

Question 32

what is a monosaccharide?

Answer 32

single sugar monomer (all reducing sugar)

Question 33

what is the general formula for monosaccharides?

Answer 33

CnH2nOn

Question 34

how to rememberer general formula of monosaccharides?

Answer 34

C and O same H double

Question 35

in monosaccharides, what is n=3?

Answer 35

triose sugar (3 carbon)

Question 36

in monosaccharides, what is n=5?

Answer 36

pentose sugar (5 carbon)

Question 37

in monosaccharides, what is n=6?

Answer 37

hexose sugar (6 carbon)

Question 38

are monosaccharides soluble or insoluble?

Answer 38

soluble in water (which is polar) but not in non-polar solvents

Question 39

what is a monosaccharide function?

Answer 39

source of energy

Question 40

what is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose?

Answer 40

deoxyribose lost O at C2

Question 41

what is the formula of ribose?

Answer 41

C5H10O5

Question 42

what sugar is ribose?

Answer 42

pentose sugar

Question 43

what is the function of ribose?

Answer 43

component of rNA, ATP and NAD

Question 44

what is the formula of deoxyribose?

Answer 44

C5H10O4

Question 45

what sugar is deoxyribose?

Answer 45

pentose sugar (even though it lost O, no. of C remain the same)

Question 46

what is the function of deoxyribose?

Answer 46

component of DNA

Question 47

what is the monomer and polymer of carbohydrates?

Answer 47

monomer: monosaccharides polymer: polysaccharides

Question 48

what is the monomer and polymer of proteins?

Answer 48

monomer: amnio acids polymer: polypeptides and proteins

Question 49

what is the monomer and polymer of nucleic acids?

Answer 49

monomer: nucleotides polymer: DNA and rNA

Question 50

why is water polar?

Answer 50

the O atom has a greater number of protons in its nucleus, tf attracts the pair of e- more than H atoms (h's are delta + and O is delta -)

Question 51

what is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 51

weak interaction which happens whenever molecules contain partially negatively charged NOF atom bonded to partially positively charged hydrogen atom

Question 52

which is stronger, covalent or hydrogen bonding?

Answer 52

covalent