Molecular Genetics

Question 1

Refers to the material that stores genetic information of an organism.

Answer 1

Genetic material

Question 2

Found in the nucleus and mitochondria of the cell. In the nucleus they packed into chromosome.

Answer 2

Genetic material

Question 3

It is continuously replicated in order to pass the genetic information throughout generation

Answer 3

Genetic material

Question 4

Consist of nucleic acids that are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 4

Genetic material

Question 5

Also known as genome a complete set of DNA (genes) in an organism.

Answer 5

Genetic material

Question 6

Strong acids found in the nuclei of the cell

Answer 6

Nucleic acids

Question 7

They are organic molecules composed of polymers of nucleotides.

Answer 7

Nucleic acids

Question 8

Serve as storage and retrieval of informational molecules.

Answer 8

Nucleic acids

Question 9

Types of nucleic acids

Answer 9

DNA and RNA.

Question 10

Nucleotide composition

Answer 10

Nitrogenous bases
Sugar
Phosphate

Question 11

Nitrogen bases (aromatic amines)
Types

Answer 11

Purines
Pyrimidines

Question 12

double ring structure (adenine and guanine).

Answer 12

Purines

Question 13

single ring structure
( cytosine, thymine and uracil).

Answer 13

Pyrimidines

Question 14

Nitrogen bases+ sugar=

Answer 14

nucleoside

Question 15

Phosphates+ nitrogen bases+sugar=

Answer 15

nucleotides

Question 16

Polymers of nucleotides=

Answer 16

nucleic ACIDS (DNA OR RNA).

Question 17

forms the backbone of nucleic acids

Answer 17

Sugar and phosphates

Question 18

double stranded helical form

Answer 18

DNA

Question 19

The 2 strands are anti-parallel to each other (5’-3’ direction) and (3’-5’ direction)

Answer 19

DNA

Question 20

composed of alternating phosphate and sugar

Answer 20

DNA

Question 21

DNA is located in the?

Answer 21

nucleus and mitochondria

Question 22

carry, stores and transmit genetic instructions (genes)

Answer 22

DNA

Question 23

first discovered the DNA in a white blood cells

Answer 23

Johannes Friedrich Miescher

Question 24

describe the double helix strucuture of DNA

Answer 24

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 25

TYPES of DNA

Answer 25

Nuclear DNA Mitochondrial DNA

Question 26

Found inside the nucleus of the cell Linear in shape Contains 20,000-25, 000 genes (Human genome project)

Answer 26

Nuclear DNA

Question 27

A very long strands (2 meters in length) Present in 46 chromosomes and inherited from both parents.

Answer 27

Nuclear DNA

Question 28

Responsible for the genetic make-up of human.

Answer 28

Nuclear DNA

Question 29

Circular in structure. Consist only of 37 genes which make it shorter than genomic DNA.

Answer 29

Mitochondrial DNA

Question 30

Found in the mitochondria of the cell

Answer 30

Mitochondrial DNA

Question 31

Found in 1 chromosome and inherited from the mother only.

Answer 31

Mitochondrial DNA

Question 31

Location of RNA?

Answer 31

cytoplasm

Question 32

single stranded helical form. Strand runs from 5’ to 3’ direction

Answer 32

RNA

Question 33

carries the code from DNA for making a specific protein. most regulate the gene expression.

Answer 33

RNA

Question 34

Types of RNA

Answer 34

Coding RNA Non-coding RNA

Question 35

Gene regulation RNA

Answer 35

micro RNA (miRNA) small interefering RNA (siRNA) Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)

Question 35

Involved in maturation of RNA and protein synthesis (house keeper)

Answer 35

transfer RNA ribosomal RNA small nuclear RNA small nucleolar RNA

Question 36

Carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosome for protein synthesis. It is transcribed from DNA. The strand runs from 5’ to 3’ direction which serves as template for prtein synthesis (translation). Nucleotides in mRNA are arranged into CODONS (3 base pairs) that correspond to a specific amino acid.

Answer 36

Messenger RNA

Question 37

Carries the specific amino acid at the site of protein synthesis. Clover-leaf like appearance. It has the ANTICODON region that can base pair with the codon on mRNA.

Answer 37

Transfer RNA

Question 38

RNA attached to the ribosome and form the site of protein synthesis. Organize in 2 ribosomal sub units Large ribosomal subunit Small ribosomal subunit

Answer 38

Ribosomal RNA

Question 39

16-17 nucleotides in length Short non-coding RNA

Answer 39

micro RNA-

Question 39

made up greater than 200 nucleotides (1,000-10,000)

Answer 39

Long non-coding RN

Question 40

involved in maturation in RNA through the process of splicing. found in the nucleaus.

Answer 40

small nuclear RNA-

Question 41

involved in the process of rRNA maturation. found in the nucleolus.

Answer 41

small nucleolar RNA-

Question 42

20-24 nucleotides in lenght double stranded RNA. Short non-coding RNA

Answer 42

small-interfering RNA

Question 43

24-31 nucleotides in lenght. found im sperm cells Short non-coding RNA

Answer 43

piwi-inreacting RNA-

Question 44

these RNA regulate or control gene expression (protein synthesis) through gene silencing, interfering pre transcription and post transcription process and epigenetics regulators.

Answer 44

Regulatory non-coding RNA

Question 45

An explantion of the flow of genetic information within the biological system.

Answer 45

Central dogma of molecular biology

Question 45

it details the transfer of infromation in a sequential manner.

Answer 45

Central dogma of molecular biology

Question 46

Central dogma of molecular biology

Answer 46

DNA contain the genetic information or instruction and it is replicated in nucleus of the cell. Transcription is the process of transcribing (copying) the genetic information from DNA and mRNA Translation is the process of translating (decoding) the genetic information encoded in mRNA to make a specific protein

Question 47

1-1.5 % (approximately 80 million DNA nucleotide) is unique to every person. composed of 20,000-25,000 genes.

Answer 47

DNA protein-coding genes

Question 48

initially considered as “junk DNA”

Answer 48

DNA non-coding genes (99 %)

Question 49

regulates gene activity by producing non-coding regulatory RNA. it also codes for the production of centromere and telomere for the stability of chromoome structure serves as protection against spontaenous mutations.

Answer 49

DNA non-coding genes (99 %)

Question 50

are segment along the DNA strand which carries the combination of 4 different nucleotides (G,C,A, and T).

Answer 50

Genes

Question 51

It controls everything in an organism and can interact with environment which resulted to its changes (mutation).

Answer 51

Genes

Question 52

Its sizes vary from hundred DNA nucleotides up to millions.

Answer 52

Genes

Question 53

It code for the production of different proteins which are vital in biological process in order for the organism to grow, develop, function and reproduce.

Answer 53

Genes

Question 54

are sets of biologic genetic instruction in all organism. It controls development, growth, function and reproduction of an organism.

Answer 54

Genes