Molecular genetics 2 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Sticky Ends
An overhang of bases which will band to other complementary sticky ends
Blunt ends
no overhang, must use ligation to join new DNA
Ligation
uses DNA ligase
Annealing
uses sticky ends
What are Mendel’s three laws?
- Dominance
- Segregation
- Independent assortment
The law on dominance
Dominant traits are stronger than recessive and will hide the recessive/weaker traits
The law of Segregation
Traits are controlled by a pair of genes. Genes that appear in pairs are separated during gamete formation and recombined during fertilization
The law of independent assortment
The inheritance of alleles for one trait does not affect the inheritance of alleles for another trait
Co- dominance
Both traits are equally expressed
Incomplete dominance
The heterozygote is a blend of dominant and recessive phenotypes.
Eg.) When you cross red snap dragons with white snap dragons, you would get pink snapdragons
Triplet
DNA
Codon
mRNA
Anticodon
tRNA
What is the purpose of start and stop codons?
The start and stop codons will begin or end the formation of the polypeptide chain
Explain the relationship between amino acids, polypeptide chains and proteins.
Amino acids are linked together to form proteins which are also linked together in long chains called polypeptide chains.
mRNA
(messenger), copy of a single gene
tRNA
( transfer), brings amino acid according to mRNA sequence
rRNA
(ribosome), reads mRNA and signals tRNA to bring amino acids
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA-RNA-Protein
What is the purpose of mRNA?
To make a complimentary copy of DNA for a specific gene
What is the point of protein synthesis?
To make a protein
mRNA bases the come before/after the start codon are called…
Introns
What is the first step in protein synthesis?
Transcription
What occurs in transcription?
A copy of a specific segment of DNA is made called mRNA
