MOLECULAR GENETICS

Question 0

is a method for separation and analysis of macromolecules (DNA, RNA and proteins) and their fragments, based on their size and charge.

Answer 0

Gel electrophoresis

Question 1

Oligonucleotides are short, single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules that have a wide range of applications in genetic testing, research, and forensics.

Answer 1

Oligonuceotides

Question 2

are enzymes that cleave the phosphodiester bond within a polynucleotide chain

Answer 2

Endonuceases

Question 3

detection of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples

Answer 3

Southern blot

Question 4

process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule

Answer 4

DNA sequencing

Question 5

used to assemble recombinant DNA molecules and to direct their replication within host organisms.

Answer 5

DNA cloning

Question 6

assist in the identification of individuals by their respective DNA profiles

Answer 6

DNA finger printing

Question 7

to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence

Answer 7

Polymerase chain reaction

Question 8

collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface

Answer 8

DNA microarray

Question 9

the use of DNA as a drug to treat disease by delivering therapeutic DNA into a patient’s cells

Answer 9

Gene therapy

Question 10

Altered DNA that results from the insertion of a sequence of deoxyribonucleotides not previously present into an existing molecule of DNA

Answer 10

Recombinant DNA

Question 11

DNA containing sequences derived from two different species (eg, humans and bacteria

Answer 11

Chimeric DNA

Question 12

Association of complementary strands of nucleic acids

Answer 12

Hybridization

Question 13

after separation, labeled oligonucleotides placed in contact with an X-ray film; will show labeled substances as dark bands

Answer 13

Auturadiography

Question 14

cleaves DNA about 25 bp from the recognition sequence

Answer 14

Type III

Question 15

cleaves the DNA within the recognition sequence itself; requires no ATPrecognition sequences are usually 4-6

Answer 15

TYPE II

Question 16

Cleaves both strands of DNA at opposing phosphodiester bonds leaving no unpaired base on the ends

Answer 16

Blunt ends

Question 17

DNA to be sequenced is cleaved at specific bases by subjecting it to 4 different treatments in separate aliquots

Answer 17

Maxam and gilbert method

Question 18

piperidine

Answer 18

G only

Question 19

acid; piperidine

Answer 19

A+G

Question 20

hydrazine

Answer 20

C+T

Question 21

hydrazine in 1.5M NaCl

Answer 21

C only

Question 22

Small circular duplex DNA molecules whose natural function is to confer antibiotic resistance to the host cell

Answer 22

Plasmids

Question 23

Viruses that infect a bacteriumHave linear DNA molecules into which foreign DNA can be inserted at several restriction enzyme sitesCan accept DNA fragments 10 – 20 kb long

Answer 23

Phages

Question 24

Plasmids that contain DNA sequences (called cos sites) required for packaging lambda DNA in the phage particle; unnecessary lambda DNA has been removed so more chimeric DNA can be packaged into the particle headCan carry DNA inserts 35 – 50 kb long

Answer 24

Cosmids

Question 25

Plasmids designed for cloning very long segments, 50 – 250 kb

Answer 25

Artificial chromosome

Question 26

Vector in which the protein coded by the gene introduced by recombinant DNA is actually synthesized

Answer 26

Expression vector

Question 27

homopolymer tailing by a terminal transferase

Answer 27

Preparation of chimeric DNA

Question 28

prepared from the total DNA of a cell line or tissue; both introns and exons represented

Answer 28

Genomic library

Question 29

made from reverse transcription of the mRNAs in a tissue; only exons are represented

Answer 29

cDNA library

Question 30

An in-vitro method of replicating relatively small DNA sequences into millions of copies over a short period

Answer 30

Polymerase chain reaction

Question 31

Human genetic mapping entails:the localization or mapping of genes to each of the 23 chromosome pairsthe determination of the order and spacing of the gene on the particular chromosome

Answer 31

Gene mapping

Question 32

staining with Giemsa dye

Answer 32

Karyotyping

Question 33

used to localized the gene of interest to a particular chromosome

Answer 33

Fish

Question 34

Short DNA sequences that are repeated in sequence multiple times

Answer 34

VNTRs

Question 35

Comprehensive resource of

Answer 35

Uniport

Question 36

Genec sequence database Aims to collect and store all known biological nucleode and their translaon in a searchable form

Answer 36

Gen bank

Question 37

Repository of 3-‐dimensional structures of proteins, polynucleodes and other biological macromolecules

Answer 37

Protein data bank

Question 38

Aims to idenfy SNPs associated with common human diseases and differenal response to pharmaceucals

Answer 38

Hapmap

Question 39

subset of SNPs in a given block sufficient to provide a unique marker for a given haplotype

Answer 39

Tagged SNPs

Question 40

paern of SNPs inherited together in blocks on the same chromosome associated with a specific phenotypic trait such as suscepbility to a disease

Answer 40

Haplotype

Question 41

Provides variety of infomaon about individual human genes

Answer 41

Entrez gene

Question 42

performed on a computer and through computer simulaon

Answer 42

In silico