Molecular Genetics Flashcards
parental strands of DNA separate, serve as templates, and produce DNA molecules that have one strand of parental DNA and one strand of new DNA
Semiconservative replication
enzyme that catalyzes the addition of appropriate nucleotides to the new DNA strand
DNA polymerase
similar to DNA- contains the sugar ribose, the base uracil replaces thymine, and is usually single stranded
RNA
long strands of RNA nucleotides that are formed complementary to one strand of DNA
Messenger RNA
type of RNA that associates with proteins to form ribosomes in the cytoplasm
Ribosomal RNA
type of RNA that are smaller segments of RNA nucleotides that transport amino acids to the ribosome
Transfer RNA
an enzyme that regulates RNA synthesis
RNA polymerase
DNA code is transferred to mRNA in the nucleus
Transcription
intervening sequences
Introns
coding sequences that remain in the final mRNA
Exons
three-base code in the DNA or mRNA
Codon
tRNA molecules act as the interpreters of the mRNA codon sequence
Translation
ability of an organism to control which genes are transcribed in response to the environment
Gene regulation
section of DNA that contains the genes for the proteins needed for a specific metabolic pathway
Operon
permanent change that occurs in a cell’s DNA
Mutation
