Molecular Genetics: Genomics Flashcards Preview

Foundations of Biology II > Molecular Genetics: Genomics > Flashcards

Flashcards in Molecular Genetics: Genomics Deck (18)
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1
Q

genomics

A

science of sequencing, interpreting, and comparing whole genomes

2
Q

sequencing of genomes

A

similar to PCR and gel - run multiple cycles using ddNTPs until fragments of all lengths are acquired for that gene - run through tube gel and fluorescence picked up by laser

3
Q

short fragments in sequencing of genomes

A

pass through laser first - closer to 5’ end of DNA

4
Q

genome annotation

A

identifying gene location and strand within the genome

5
Q

genome annotation in prokaryotes

A

look for Open Reading Frame (sequence between start and stop codon)

6
Q

how to determine genetic code from ORF

A

predict two mRNAs (one for each strand), alter the mRNA reading frames (six total) and pick the one with no stop codons in the middle

7
Q

after ORF is found what is searched for

A

regulatory sequences upstream of the gene

8
Q

in prokaryotes relationship of genome size and gene number

A

correlate positively and with metabolic range

9
Q

genome annotating in eukaryotes

A

use reverse transcriptase to generate cDNA and compare to genomic sequence

10
Q

expressed sequence tags

A

sequenced cDNA

11
Q

why can’t we look for ORFs in eukaryotes

A

introns

12
Q

repetitive sequences in eukaryotic genome

A

transposable elements, microsatellites, minisatellites

13
Q

transposable elements

A

DNA sequences that can move around the genome - contains codes for proteins involved in copying/inserting of removal/insertion of itself

14
Q

how do eukaryotes control transposable elements

A

DNA methylation, chromatin condensation, RNAi

15
Q

microsatellites and minisatellites

A

(2-6bp) or (6-100bp) repetitive stretchs of DNA that can misallign during meiosis and cause unequal crossing over

16
Q

how are microsatellite and minisatellite repeats used in DNA fingerprinting

A

every person has two peaks (one for each chromosome) for every loci of repeats - one from each parent

17
Q

microarray

A

grid of single-stranded DNA sequences that are complementary for every coding or regulatory sequence

18
Q

how to use microarray

A

apply radiolabeled cDNA to microarray and observe fluorescence at each grid location to determine expression