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Chemistry > Molecular orbitals > Flashcards

Molecular orbitals Flashcards

1
Q

What is sp2 hybridisation?

A

Mixing an s orbital with two p orbitals

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2
Q

What is hybridisation?

A

The process of mixing atomic orbitals within an atom to generate a set of new atomic orbitals called hybrid orbitals. These hybrid orbitals are degenerate

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3
Q

How is a sigma bond formed?

A

end on overlap of orbitals

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4
Q

How is a pi bond formed?

A

Side on overlap of orbitals

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5
Q

What allows colour?

A

Conjugated system

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6
Q

A single bond has

A

only sigma bonds

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7
Q

A double bond has

A

1 pi bond 1 sigma bond

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8
Q

A triple bond has

A

2 pi bonds 1 sigma bond

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9
Q

sp3

A

single bond

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10
Q

sp2

A

double bond

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11
Q

sp

A

triple bond

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12
Q

What kind of hybridisation do benzene and other aromatic groups have?

A

sp2

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13
Q

Electrons fill bonding molecular orbitals, leaving higher

HOMO/LUMO

A

energy antibonding orbitals unfilled

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14
Q

The highest bonding molecular orbital containing electrons is called

HOMO/LUMO

A

The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)

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15
Q

The lowest antibonding molecular orbital is called

HOMO/LUMO

A

the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO)

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16
Q

What can cause electrons to be promoted from HOMO to LUMO?

HOMO/LUMO

A

Absorption of electromagnetic energy

17
Q

Why do most organic molecules appear colourless?

HOMO/LUMO

A

because the energy difference in HOMO and LUMO is relatively large. This results in absorption of light from the ultraviolet region of the spectrum

18
Q

Some organic molecules contain…

HOMO/LUMO

A

chromophores

19
Q

What is a chromophore?

HOMO/LUMO

A

A group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for the absorption of light in the visible region of the spectrum

20
Q

When can light be absorbed in a molecule?

HOMO/LUMO

A

When electrons in a chromophore are promoted from the HOMO to the LUMO

21
Q

In what type of molecules do chromophores exist?

HOMO/LUMO

A

molecules containing a conjugated system

22
Q

Electrons within a conjugated system are

HOMO/LUMO

A

delocalised

23
Q

Molecules that have a conjugated system have alternating

A

double and single carbon to carbon bonds (or are aromatic molecules)

24
Q

The more atoms in a conjugated system the

HOMO/LUMO

A

smaller the energy gap between HOMO and LUMO

25
Q

A lower frequency of light is

HOMO/LUMO

A

absorbed by the compound

26
Q

When the wavelength of light absorbed is in the visible region,

HOMO/LUMO

A

The compound will exhibit the complementary colour

Chemistry (11 decks)

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