Molecular shape and bonding Flashcards
(30 cards)
What does ๐ฟ Mean
Wave function
What is ๐ฟ
A mathematical function that relates the location of an electron at a given point in space to itโs amplitude of waves
What is ๐ฟ 2
Electron density which is the probability of finding an electron in a specific location around an atom
What shape are all s orbital
Spherical
What shape is a p orbital
Dumbbell shaped where a node plane separates the two lobes
What are the three degenerate p orbitals
X,Y and Z
What does a 1s orbital look like when its ๐ฟ Is plotted against distance from nucleus
Curved L shape
What is a node on the graph
When ๐ฟ =0
Definition of degenerate
When orbital are at the same energy level
What is the Lewis theory about valence electrons
Elements in the same group have them same properties because they have the same valence electrons.
What is Lewis theory about ionic compounds
Electrons are transferred from one element to another forming ions
Properties of ionic compounds
High melting and boiling temperatures
Stronger when charge is higher
Stronger when the ion is smaller because less distance between ions.
How to calculate formal charge
No. of valance electrons - (no. of lone pairs + 1/2 no. of bonding electrons)
What is the non polar covalent bond electronegativity bond value
0.1-0.4
What is a polar covalent bond electronegativity bond value
0.5-1
What is a sigma bond
Overlap of two atomic orbitals to form a single bond
What is a pi bond
When two 1/2 filled orbitals above and below a covalent bond overlap to share electrons
What is the molecular orbital theory
Electron density is distributed over the whole molecule. The number of atomic orbitals is the same as the number of molecular orbitals
What happens when two 1s hydrogen AO are combined
Makes 2 symmetrical molecular orbitals, one bonding MO and one antibonding MO
What happens when two 1s hydrogen AO are combined
Makes 2 symmetrical molecular orbitals, one bonding MO and one antibonding MO
What is a bonding molecular orbital
When 2 wave functions are added together
What is an antibonding molecular orbital
When a wave function is subtracted from another
Where are electrons most likely to be found in an antibonding orbital
Anywhere but the node
Where are electrons most likely to be found in bonding orbitals
In between the nuclei
