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chemistry grade 11 > Molecular Structure > Flashcards

Molecular Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of bond energy

A

The amount of energy absorbed to break a chemical bond, or energy released when a bond is formed

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2
Q

Definition of bond length

A

The average distance between nuclei of 2 bonded atoms in a molecule

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3
Q

What is molecular polarity determined by?

A
  • polarity of bonds
  • shape of the molecule
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4
Q

Definition of electronegativity

A

The tendency of an atom to attract a shared electron pair during bonding

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5
Q

Definition of dative or coordinate bonding

A

A coordinate bond is formed when one atom donates both electrons to form a bonding pair

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6
Q

Meaning of VSEPR

A

Valence shell electron pair repulsion

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7
Q

What is bond polarity determined by?

A

The electronegativity of the 2 atoms that form the bond

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8
Q

Definition of a polar molecule

A

A molecule over which charge is distributed unevenly

An unequal distribution of electrons between two atoms during bonding

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9
Q

Definition of a non-polar molecule

A

A molecule over which the charge is evenly distributed

An equal distribution of electrons between two atoms during bonding

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10
Q

Definition of chemical bond

A

The net electrostatic force that two atoms sharing electrons exert on each other

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11
Q

What is bond length determined by?

A
  • atom size
  • bond order
  • difference in electronegativity
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12
Q

What is bond strength determined by?

A
  • bond length
  • atom size
  • bond order
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13
Q

What group is the central atom of an angular shape in?

A

Group 6

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14
Q

What group is the central atom of a trigonal planar in?

A

Group 3

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15
Q

What group is the central atom of a trigonal pyramidal in?

A

Group 5

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16
Q

What are the classes of bond polarity?

A
  1. Non-polar covalent
  2. Polar covalent
  3. Ionic
17
Q

What are the two IMF types?

A
  • Van der Waals forces
  • hydrogen bonds
18
Q

List and explain the types of Van der Waals forces:

A
  1. Dipole - dipole forces (2 polar molecules)
  2. Dipole - induced dipole forces (polar + non-polar molecules)
  3. Induced dipole - induced dipole / london forces (2 non-polar molecules)
  4. Ion - dipole / ion - induced dipole
19
Q

VSEPR theory

A

A model used to predict the shape of a molecule based on the number of electron pairs that surround the central atom

20
Q

Non-ideal shapes

A
  1. Angular
  2. Bent
  3. Trigonal pyramidal
21
Q

Ideal shapes

A
  1. Linear
  2. Trigonal planar
  3. Tetrahedral

chemistry grade 11 (2 decks)

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