molecules

Question 1

What elements do carbohydrates contain?

Answer 1

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 2

What 3 groups are carbohydrates classified in?

Answer 2

monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides

Question 3

What do monosaccharides include?

Answer 3

glucose, fructose and galactose

Question 4

What are monosaccharides

Answer 4

a single sugar, mainly used in respiration to provide energy and growth during the formation of larger carbohydrates

Question 5

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 5

when two monosaccharides are joined together by glycosidic bonds in a condensation reaction.

Question 6

What’s a disaccharide formula?

Answer 6

C12H22O11

Question 7

How can a disaccharide be broken down into its monosaccharides?

Answer 7

hydrolysis reaction

Question 8

How can disaccharides be hydrolysed?

Answer 8

by boiling with acid or heating with an enzyme at an optimum temperature

Question 9

3 disaccharides

Answer 9

maltose, sucrose and lactose

Question 10

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 10

large polymers of monosaccharide molecules

Question 11

3 polysaccharides

Answer 11

cellulose, starch and glycogen

Question 12

What is the function of polysaccharides?

Answer 12

storage and structural

Question 13

What’s provides rigidity and shape to the cell?

Answer 13

Cellulose

Question 14

What’s cellulose made up of?

Answer 14

many beta glucose molecules joined together by condensation reactions to form long straight chains

Question 15

What’s starch?

Answer 15

Storage carbohydrates found in plants, consisting of long alpha glucose molecules

Question 16

Why is starch suited to its function as its storage compound?

Answer 16

1. insolulble and therefore osmotically inactive
2. helical shape forming a compact store
3. contains a large number of glucose molecules providing an abundant supply of respiratory substrate
4. it is too large to cross the cell membrane and remains where its formed

Question 17

What is starch hydrolysed by?

Answer 17

the enzyme amylase to produce maltose

Question 18

What’s glycogen?

Answer 18

the storage carbohydrate found in the cytoplasm of animal cells

Question 19

Where’s glycogen stored?

Answer 19

in liver and muscles tissues

Question 20

is glycogen insoluble?

Answer 20

yes

Question 21

What do lipids contain?

Answer 21

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 22

What’s triglycerides?

Answer 22

a type of lipid formed by joining 3 fatty acids to one glycerol molecule during a condensation reaction with the loss of 3 water molecules

Question 23

What’s the general formula of a fatty acid?

Answer 23

R-COOH

Question 24

What does R represent?

Answer 24

a long hydrocarbon chain

Question 25

What does COOH represent?

Answer 25

a carboxylic acid group

Question 26

what does hydrated mean?

Answer 26

no carbon double bonds in R group

Question 27

How can lipids be hydrolysed into fatty acids and glycerol?

Answer 27

heating with acid or alkali and using the enzyme lipase at an optimum temperature and pH

Question 28

What does a phospholipid molecule consist of?

Answer 28

one glycerol, two fatty acids and a phosphate group joined in a condensation reaction

Question 29

Explain the formation of a phospholipid

Answer 29

The phospholipid molecule has a polar hydrophilic head (attracts water)containing the phosphate group, and a non polar hydrophobic tail (repels water) containing long fatty acids

Question 30

What do proteins contain?

Answer 30

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulphur

Question 31

What are amino acids joined together by?

Answer 31

peptide bonds

Question 32

what do 2 amino acids joined together make?

Answer 32

a dipeptide

Question 33

name 3 fibrous proteins?

Answer 33

keratin in nails and collagen in bone

Question 34

globular proteins

Answer 34

hormones, information role

Question 35

quaternary structure of a protein

Answer 35

haemoglobin and antibodies

Question 36

what does benedicts test for?

Answer 36

for reducing sugars

Question 37

what colour does it turn if starch is present?

Answer 37

yellow/orange

Question 38

what colour does it turn if protein is present?

Answer 38

purple

Question 39

what colour does it turn if surose is present?

Answer 39

blue