Molecules And Fundamentals Of Biology

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that takes up space

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

A pure substance that has a specific physical/chemical property and cannot be broken into smaller substances

Question 3

Atom

Answer 3

The smallest unit of matter that still retains the chemical properties of the element

Question 4

Molecule

Answer 4

Two or more atoms joined together

Question 5

Intramolecular forces

Answer 5

Attractive forces that act on atoms within a molecule

Question 6

Intermolecular forces

Answer 6

Forces that exist between molecules in affect physical properties of the substance

Question 7

Monomers

Answer 7

Single molecules that can potentially polymerize

Question 8

Ploymers

Answer 8

Substances made up of many monomers joined together in chains

Question 9

Disaccharides

Answer 9

Two monosaccharides joined together by a glycosidic bond it is the result of a dehydration reaction where a water molecule leaves and a covalent bond forms

Question 10

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 10

A covalent bond is broken by the addition of water

Question 11

Carbohydrate

Answer 11

Carbon hydrogen and oxygen atoms. They can come in the form of monosaccharides disaccharides and polysaccharides

Question 12

Monosaccharides

Answer 12

Carbohydrate monomers with an empirical formula of (CH20)n. Where in represents the number of carbons

Question 13

Fructose

Answer 13

A six carbon monosaccharide

Question 14

Ribose

Answer 14

A five carbon monosaccharide

Question 15

Glucose

Answer 15

A six carbon monosaccharide

Question 16

Sucrose

Answer 16

Disaccharide made of gluose and fructose

Question 17

Lactose

Answer 17

Disaccharide made of galactose and glucose

Question 18

Maltose

Answer 18

Disaccharide made of glucose and glucose

Question 19

Polysaccharides

Answer 19

Contain multiple monosaccharides connected by glycosidic bonds to form long polymers

Question 20

Starch

Answer 20

Form of energy storage for plants and is an alpha bonded polysaccharide. Linear starch is called Amylose the branch form is Amylopectin

Question 21

Cellulose

Answer 21

Structural component in plant cell walls, and is a beta bonded polysaccharide. Linear strands packed rigidly in parallel

Question 22

Chitin

Answer 22

Structural component in fungi cell walls and insect exoskeletons. It is a beta bonded polysaccharide with nitrogen added to each monomer

Question 23

 proteins

Answer 23

Proteins contain carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen atoms these atoms combine to form amino acid which link together to build polypeptides

Question 24

Proteome

Answer 24

All the proteins expressed by one type of cell under one set of conditions

Question 25

Amino acids

Answer 25

Monomers of proteins. 20 different AA

Question 26

Polypeptides

Answer 26

Polymers of amino acids and are joined by peptide bonds through dehydration reactions. Hydrolysis reactions break peptide bonds

Question 27

N terminus

Answer 27

(Amino terminus) The side that ends with the last amino acids amino group

Question 28

C- Terminus

Answer 28

(Carboxyl terminus) Decide that ends with the last amino acids carboxyl group

Question 29

Conjugated proteins

Answer 29

Proteins are composed of amino acids and non-protein components -metalloproteins: Proteins that contain a metal ion cofactor like hemoglobin -glycoproteins : proteins that contain a carbohydrate group

Question 30

Protein structure

Answer 30

Primary: sequence of amino acids connected through peptide bonds Secondary: intermolecular forces bw polypeptide backbone due to hydrogen bonding forms alpha helices or beta pleated sheets tertiary: three-dimensional structure due to the interactions between r groups Quaternary: multiple polypeptide chains come together to form one protein

Question 31

Protein denaturation

Answer 31

Describes the loss of protein function and higher order structures. Only primary structure is unaffected. Proteins will denatured as a result of high or low temperatures, pH changes, and salt concentration

Question 32

 Protein function

Answer 32

Reserve of amino acids

Question 33

Hormone function

Answer 33

Signaling molecules that regulate physiological process