Molecules (ions)- topic 1 Flashcards
(27 cards)
what is the study of biochemistry ?
-the study of chemical compounds found in living systems and the reactions in which they take part in
what are organisms composed of?
-organ systems e.g. respiratory and digestive
what are organ systems composed of?
-organs e.g. lungs and heart
what are organs composed of ?
-tissues e.g. skin and muscle tissues
what are tissues composed of?
-cells e.g. skin and muscle cells
what are cells composed of ?
-organelles e.g. Golgi apparatus and mitochondria
what are organelles composed of?
-molecules e.g. water and glucose
what are molecules composed of ?
-atoms e.g. oxygen and carbon
what are atoms ? what are they made of?
-the smallest unit of a chemical element that can exist independently
-they are made of protons, neutrons and electrons and have no overall charge
what are molecules ?
formed whenever two or more atoms combine with each other to gain a full outer shell
how is water formed?
-when two hydrogen atoms combine with an oxygen molecule by sharing electrons
-this results in a stable molecule which is relatively unreactive
how is a net negative charge on oxygen but a positive charge on hydrogen made?
-in both of the oxygen hydrogen bonds the oxygen nucleus draws electrons away from the hydrogen nucleus therefore there is a net negative charge on the oxygen and a positive charge on the hydrogen atom
what is a polar molecule?
-a molecule that carries an unequal distribution of charge
what are the four elements that make up 99% of all living things?
-hydrogen, oxygen, carbon and nitrogen
what are organic compounds?
-made up of complex compounds of carbon
what are inorganic compounds?
-made up form a mixture of organic molecules and inorganic molecules
what are the four main organic molecules?
-carbohydrates
-fats
-proteins and nucleic acids
how does an atom become positive? what is the name given to it?
-if an atom looses an electron it becomes positively charged known as a cation
how does an atom become negatively charged?
-if it gains an electron it becomes negatively charged known as an anion
how is potassium used as a biological compound?
-used in cell membranes
how is calcium used as a biological compound?
-in plant cell walls calcium pectate
-calcium phosphate in human bones
what is the ion magnesium used for?
-chlorophyll in green plants
what is the ion iron used for?
-hemoglobin
what is the ion nitrate used for?
-nitrogen group in amino acids used to make specific proteins
