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Flashcards in Molecules Of Life Deck (14)
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1
Q

What is the mitochondria

A

Respiration happens here

2
Q

How is genetic information carried

A

By genes, which are on chromosomes. They are long coils of DNA

3
Q

What code does the nucleus contain

What does this code control

A

The genetic code

This controls cell activity and some characteristics of the whole organism

4
Q

What is a DNA molecule made up of

Explain the form of the genetic code

A

Two strands coiled in a double helix

The genetic code is in the form of a chemical code made up of four bases holding the two strands of DNA together

5
Q

Who are credited with the discovery of DNA in 1953

A

Watson and Crick

They thought it was a triple helix and needed an x-ray by Rosalind Franklin to confirm it was double

6
Q

What do DNA bases code for

A

Bases code for structure of different proteins (some of which are enzymes) needed for growth and repair of cells

Each DNA molecule codes for a different sequence of bases

7
Q

What are the four bases in DNA, what do they bond with and what is this pairing called

A

A, C, G and T

A + T and always C + G

This is complimentary base pairing

8
Q

Why do muscle cells need a lot of mitochondria

A

Tissues and active cells use lots of energy so require a lot of energy to function

They need lots of mitochondria to respire, therefore release energy

9
Q

What is respiration a release of

A

Energy

10
Q

In protein synthesis how many bases represents one amino acid to be made

A

A group of three bases

Each protein has a different shape and function

11
Q

What structure makes (synthesises) proteins

A

Ribosomes located in the cytoplasm

12
Q

For protein synthesis, what is the sequence of the mRNA

To make new amino acids

A

mRNA is constructed from DNA template in nucleus
mRNA carries code from original DNA into cytoplasm and attaches to ribosome
Ribosome ‘translates’ code on mRNA and constructs sequence of amino acids
Amino acids link in chain of proteins and are released from ribosome

13
Q

In an animal cell what is the function of the cytoplasm

A

Reactions happen here

Ribosomes are found here and these make proteins

14
Q

In protein synthesis what does the sequence of bases represent

A

The order a cell should assemble amino acids to make the protein