Molecules of Life Flashcards
(92 cards)
List the components of an atom
nucleus, protons, electrons and neutrons
List the types of chemical bonds
- Covalent
- hydrogen bonds
- Ionic Bonds
- (vander walls interactions)
Define a covalent bond
A covalent bond is the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms
What elements make up 97% of life?
Carbon, Hydrogen, NItrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus and sulfer
Why is water polar (think electronegativity and asymmetry of water molecule)
Hydrogen has less electronegativity therefore oxygen pulls electrons more. That means the oxygen side is slightly more negative and the 2 hydrogen side is more positive
Are these bonds polar or non polar C-H c double bond c o-h c-o n-h
C-H= non polar c double bond c=non polar o-h=polar c-o= polar n-h= polar
Rank these from most electronegative to least
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen
1) OXYGEN
2) NITROGEN
3) CARBON
4) HYDROGEN
When do hydrogen bonds form
WHEN TWO DIFF MOLECULES THAT HAVE A HYDROGEN AND ARE DIPoles CAN HAVE A HYDROGEN BOND
They form when the partial positive charge of hydrogen atoms are attracted to the partial neg charge of oxygen atoms
Name the properties of water and describe them
1) Water is cohesive
(hydrogen bonds create surface resistance think of going through just straight marbles vs going through the marbles attached with toothpicks, where hydrogen is the toothpick)
2) Water moderates temperature changes(ie. costal regions are cooler than inner cities)
This happens because water in the ocean gets “too hot: therefor must break hydrogen bonds to evaporate but in order to do that must absorb heat from environment while the remaining molecules are “cooler”
3)ice is less dense than water
(Ice is less dense than water because the orientation of hydrogen bonds causes molecules to push farther apart, which lowers the density.)
4) Water adheres to hydrophilic surfaces
(example: anything that dissolves in water)
What is the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic
1.Hydrophilic means water loving; hydrophobic means resistant to water.
2.Hydrophilic molecules get absorbed or dissolved in water, while hydrophobic molecules only dissolve in oil-based substances.
4.Hydrophilic molecules are polar and ionic;
hydrophobic molecules are non-polar.
Inorganic compound vs organic compound
the presence of a carbon atom; organic compounds will contain a carbon atom
Why is carbon so versatile?
It can form 4 covalent bonds therefore many different combinations of things can be made… Carbon makes isomers
Define an isomer
Something that has the same chemical formula but a different structure.
What is the process of going from monomer to polymer called and explain
Dehydration/ condensation
It means to remove a water molecule and form a new bond
What is the process of going from polymer to monomer called and explain
Hydrolysis
It means to add a water molecule which breaks the original bond
List the 4 biomolecules
1) Carbohydrates
2) Nucleic Acids
3) Proteins
4) Lipids
Give 3 examples of a carb monomers.. these are also called what>
galactose,
glucose
fructose
CALLED MONOSACCHARIDE ISOMERS
What are the two roles of carbs
Fuel and Structure
What is the difference between alpha glucose and beta glucose
2) which is better for fuel, which is better for structure
Alpha: OH is down (fuel/energy)
Beta: OH is (structure)
Ratio of carbs
Cn (H2n) On (1:2:1)
What are the two shapes of carbs? Which is more common?
Linear and Cyclic
Cyclic is more stable therefore is 97%
Why is fructose different from glucose and galactose?
It has a 5 member ring, not 6
What is the bond called between two carbon monomers?
GLYCOSIDIC BONDS
What process do monomers go through to become polymers?
Dehydration/condensation
