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Mollusca Examen Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. Sistemática de Mollusca
A

Phylum Mollusca: Reino Animalia, clado Lophotrochozoa.
* Relacionado con Annelida y otros filos protóstomos.
* * Más de 85,000 especies descritas.
Características Generales
* Simetría bilateral, con torsión en gasterópodos.
* Cuerpo blando: pie muscular, masa visceral y manto.
* Manto secreta la concha calcárea.
* Sistema circulatorio abierto (excepto cefalópodos: cerrado).
* Respiración por branquias o difusión en el manto.
* Sistema digestivo con rádula (excepto bivalvos).
* Reproducción sexual, con larvas trocófora y véliger.
Clasificación de Mollusca
Subfilo Conchifera
* Clase Monoplacophora: Concha simple, estructuras repetitivas.
* Clase Polyplacophora (Quitones): Concha de 8 placas, bentónicos.
* Clase Gastropoda (Caracoles, babosas):
o Prosobranchia: Caracoles marinos.
o Opisthobranchia: Babosas marinas.
o Pulmonata: Moluscos terrestres con pulmones.
* Clase Bivalvia (Almejas, ostras, mejillones):
o Concha bivalva, filtradores, sin rádula.
* Clase Scaphopoda (Escafópodos): Concha tubular, sin ojos ni branquias.
* Clase Cephalopoda (Pulpos, calamares, nautilos):
o Nautiloidea: Con concha externa.
o Coleoidea: Concha interna o ausente.

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2
Q

Morfología y Funcionalidad por Clase

A

Aplacophora: Sin concha, cuerpo vermiforme.
* Polyplacophora – 1,000: 8 placas dorsales, adheridos a rocas.
* Monoplacophora –31: Concha cónica, repetición de órganos.
* Gastropoda –45,200: Torsión del cuerpo, concha en espiral.
* Bivalvia –15,149: Filtros sin rádula, concha articulada.
* Scaphopoda –400: Concha tubular, habita sedimentos.
* Cephalopoda –900: Tentáculos, cerebro desarrollado, propulsión a chorro.
* Rostroconchia +

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3
Q

Estructura y Función del Manto

A

Lóbulo externo: Secreta la concha (carbonato de calcio y conquiolina).
* Lóbulo medio: Sensorial, regula coloración y grosor de la concha.
* Lóbulo interno: Secreta mucosidad y participa en la respiración.
Formación de la Concha
* Periostraco: Capa externa, protege de erosión.
* Capa prismática: Intermedia, rigidez estructural.
* Nácar: Interna, brillo y resistencia (formación de perlas).

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4
Q

Sistema Digestivo y Rádula

A

Digestión extracelular, rádula ausente en bivalvos.
* Importancia de la rádula:
o Facilita especialización alimentaria.
o Ha impulsado la radiación evolutiva

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5
Q
  1. Adaptaciones de Sistemas
A

Circulatorio: Abierto (excepto cefalópodos: cerrado).
* Nervioso: Complejo en cefalópodos (cerebros avanzados).
* Excretor: Metanefridios, glándulas renales.
* Respiratorio: Branquias o pulmones según hábitat.
* Pie y Manto: Adaptaciones para locomoción y protección.

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6
Q
  1. Moluscos Comerciales
A
  1. Crassostrea gigas (Ostra japonesa): Acuicultura y gastronomía.
  2. Mytilus galloprovincialis (Mejillón): Filtrador ecológico.
  3. Dosidicus gigas (Calamar gigante): Pesca industrial.
  4. Octopus vulgaris (Pulpo común): Alta demanda comercial.
  5. Ruditapes philippinarum (Almeja japonesa): Cultivo en Europa y Asia.
  6. Littorina littorea (Caracol de mar): Regulador ecológico.
  7. Pecten maximus (Vieira atlántica): Alto valor gastronómico.
  8. Nautilus pompilius (Nautilus): Comercio ornamental.
  9. Sepia officinalis (Sepia): Importante en pesca y neurociencia.
  10. Haliotis rufescens (Abulón rojo): Valioso en el mercado asiático.
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7
Q
  1. Hipótesis de la Filogenia de Mollusca
A
  1. Aplacóforo-Ancestral: Moluscos evolucionaron de un organismo vermiforme sin
    concha.
  2. Monoplacóforo-Ancestro de Conchíferos: Moluscos con concha evolucionaron
    de monoplacóforos.
  3. Cefalópodo como Monoplacóforo Activo: Reducción de concha y desarrollo de
    tentáculos.
    Evolución y Radiaciones Adaptativas
    * Aculifera: Formas primitivas sin concha.
    * Conchifera: Gasterópodos, bivalvos, cefalópodos.
    * Cefalópodos: Máximo desarrollo en depredación y locomoción rápida.
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8
Q
  1. Taxón o taxa evolutivamente exitoso
A

Tiene alta diversidad.
* Presenta adaptaciones ecológicas versátiles.
* Posee una distribución global.
* Ha persistido a lo largo del tiempo geológico.
* Los moluscos han logrado un éxito evolutivo excepcional debido a su diversidad
morfológica, fisiológica y adaptativa.

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9
Q

What are the main classes of the phylum Mollusca?

A

The main classes are Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda, Polyplacophora, and Scaphopoda.

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10
Q

True or False: Mollusca are exclusively marine organisms.

A

False: Mollusca can be found in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: Mollusks have a soft body that is usually divided into three main parts: the head-foot, the ______, and the mantle.

A

visceral mass

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12
Q

What is the primary function of the mantle in mollusks?

A

The mantle is responsible for secreting the shell and enclosing the mantle cavity.

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13
Q

Which class of Mollusca is known for its advanced nervous system and complex behaviors?

A

Cephalopoda

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14
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Bivalves? A) Two-part shell B) Radula C) Filter feeding D) Lack of a head

A

B) Radula

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15
Q

What is the function of the radula in gastropods?

A

The radula is used for feeding, scraping food off surfaces.

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16
Q

True or False: All mollusks have a hard outer shell.

A

False: Not all mollusks have a hard outer shell, particularly in some cephalopods.

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is a structure that allows some mollusks to burrow into the substrate.

A

foot

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18
Q

What type of circulatory system do most cephalopods possess?

A

Closed circulatory system

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19
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following mollusks is known for its ability to change color? A) Octopus B) Clam C) Snail D) Chiton

A

A) Octopus

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20
Q

What is the primary reproductive strategy of most bivalves?

A

Most bivalves reproduce by releasing eggs and sperm into the water for external fertilization.

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21
Q

True or False: All mollusks have a head-foot structure.

A

True

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22
Q

Fill in the blank: ______ are marine mollusks known for their eight overlapping shell plates.

A

Chitons

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23
Q

What is the role of gills in aquatic mollusks?

A

Gills are used for respiration and feeding in aquatic mollusks.

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24
Q

Multiple Choice: Which class includes snails and slugs? A) Bivalvia B) Gastropoda C) Cephalopoda D) Polyplacophora

A

B) Gastropoda

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25
What is a distinguishing feature of the class Scaphopoda?
Scaphopods are characterized by their elongated, tusk-shaped shells.
26
True or False: Mollusks are known for their segmentation.
False: Mollusks are not segmented.
27
Fill in the blank: The ______ is a unique feeding structure found in many mollusks, which is a ribbon-like organ with tiny teeth.
radula
28
What is the ecological role of mollusks in their environments?
Mollusks play important roles in food webs, nutrient cycling, and as bioindicators of environmental health.
29
Multiple Choice: Which of the following mollusks is primarily a scavenger? A) Clam B) Squid C) Whelk D) Oyster
C) Whelk
30
What adaptation allows cephalopods to escape predators?
Cephalopods can expel ink to create a smokescreen for escape.
31
True or False: Mollusks have a complex digestive system with specialized regions.
True
32
Fill in the blank: The ______ is a structure that helps mollusks attach to surfaces.
foot
33
What is the term for the larval stage of many marine mollusks?
Trochophore
34
Multiple Choice: Which class of mollusks has the most complex eyes? A) Bivalvia B) Gastropoda C) Cephalopoda D) Polyplacophora
C) Cephalopoda
35
What are the main classes of Mollusca?
The main classes of Mollusca are Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda, Polyplacophora, and Scaphopoda.
36
True or False: Mollusks have a hard shell made of calcium carbonate.
True
37
Fill in the blank: The body of a mollusk is typically divided into three main parts: the ______, the ______, and the ______.
head, foot, and visceral mass
38
What is the primary function of the foot in mollusks?
The foot is primarily used for locomotion.
39
Which class of Mollusca includes snails and slugs?
Gastropoda
40
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of mollusks? A) Soft body B) Segmented body C) Mantle D) Radula
B) Segmented body
41
What is the mantle in mollusks?
The mantle is a significant part of the mollusk's anatomy that secretes the shell and covers the body.
42
True or False: All mollusks have a radula.
False
43
What is the radula used for in mollusks?
The radula is used for feeding, typically to scrape food off surfaces.
44
Fill in the blank: Bivalves have ______ shells that are hinged together.
two
45
Which class of Mollusca is known for its advanced nervous system and includes octopuses and squids?
Cephalopoda
46
Multiple Choice: What type of circulatory system do most cephalopods have? A) Open B) Closed C) None
B) Closed
47
What is the primary habitat for most mollusks?
Most mollusks are found in marine environments, but some inhabit freshwater and terrestrial habitats.
48
True or False: Mollusks are exclusively aquatic animals.
False
49
What is the significance of the siphon in cephalopods?
The siphon is used for jet propulsion, allowing cephalopods to move quickly through water.
50
Fill in the blank: Mollusks have a ______ that helps in respiration.
gill
51
What type of reproduction do most mollusks exhibit?
Most mollusks reproduce sexually, with some species being hermaphroditic.
52
Multiple Choice: Which of the following mollusks is known for its ability to change color? A) Clam B) Snail C) Octopus D) Chiton
C) Octopus
53
What is the primary role of mollusks in the ecosystem?
Mollusks play a crucial role in food webs and contribute to nutrient cycling.
54
True or False: Mollusks are important in human diets and industries.
True
55
Fill in the blank: The ______ is a unique feature of the class Polyplacophora.
eight overlapping plates
56
What adaptations do mollusks have for their environments?
Mollusks have adaptations such as shells for protection, gills for respiration, and specialized feeding structures.
57
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of the class Scaphopoda? A) Tusk shells B) Tentacles C) Two shells D) Hard outer shell
A) Tusk shells
58
What do mollusks primarily feed on?
Mollusks can be herbivorous, carnivorous, or detritivorous, depending on the species.
59
True or False: Cephalopods are known for their intelligence compared to other mollusks.
True
60
Fill in the blank: The ______ is a structure that helps bivalves filter food from water.
gill

Mollusca (1 decks)

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