Monera

Question 1

Every bacteria are unicellular or multi cellular

Answer 1

Unicellular (Single celled organisms)

Question 2

Are bacterias living things? And if so what do they do?

Answer 2

Yes, they reproduce and eat

Question 3

Are bacterias eukaryotic or prokaryotic

Answer 3

Prokaryotic

Question 4

What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic

Answer 4

Eukaryotic = Have nuclear membrane
Prokaryotic = No nuclear membrane

Question 5

What are the Circular DNA in bacteria called

Answer 5

Plasmid

Question 6

For respiration are bacterias anaerobes or aerobes

Answer 6

They can be Both.
anaerobes: respiration without oxygen
aerobes: respiration with oxygen

Question 7

Are bacterias heterotrophs or autotrophs? And what do both mean?

Answer 7

Bacterias can be both
Autrotroph = produce food for themselves
Heterotroph = cant provide their own food and get it from somewhere else

Question 8

What is the Cell wall in bacteria and what is its function

Answer 8

Cell wall is the outermost part of the structure and its function is for protection. Made from Peptidoglycan

Question 9

What is the Cell membrane in bacteria and what is its function

Answer 9

The second outermost layer of the structure and its function is for allowing substance to enter/leave cell.

Question 10

What is the Pili in bacteria and what is its function

Answer 10

The pili is the little spikes that goes out of the bacteria and its function is for creating a tunnel for exchanging genes during reproduction

Question 11

What is the Cytoplasm in bacteria and what is its function

Answer 11

The cytoplasm is the liquid surrounding the inside of the bacteria and is a jelly like structure that holds the organelles in place aswell as provide nutrients for metabolism

Question 12

What is the Nucleoid in bacteria and what is its function

Answer 12

The nucleoid is the spring like shape in the middle of the bacteria and it controls the cell activity within

Question 13

What is the Ribosomes in bacteria and what is its function

Answer 13

The ribosomes look like little dots in the structure and its use is to make protein

Question 14

What is the Mesosomes in bacteria and what is its function

Answer 14

The mesosomes is the oval shape with a wave and its use is to produce energy

Question 15

What is the Plasmid in bacteria and what is its function

Answer 15

The plasmid is the oval shape with nothing in it that contains genes which will be used for reproduction

Question 16

What is the Flagella in bacteria and what is its function

Answer 16

The flagella is the part that looks like a tail and its function is for movement

Question 17

What 2 things are always in every living organism

Answer 17

Cell membranes & Cytoplasm

Question 18

What is the Capsule in bacteria

Answer 18

The capsule is a new outermost layer that surrounds the whole structure including the cell wall. These are only found in bacterias that are pathogens

Question 19

What is the Endospores in bacteria and what is its function

Answer 19

The endospores is also a new outermost layer that surrounds the whole structure but it only happens when the bacteria is in an unfavorable condition. The function is as a protective layer in certain conditions, however it takes time and energy to make these spores

Question 20

What are the 3 shapes in bacterias and the example for each

Answer 20

Round (Cocci): example: Staphylococcus
Rectangle (Bacil): example: Lactobocillus
Spiral: example: Spirulina

Question 21

What are the 2 types of Reproduction in bacteria

Answer 21

Asexual = Not involving partner
Sexual = Involve Partner

Question 22

What are the 2 types of asexual reproductions

Answer 22

Binary and Budding

Question 23

How Binary Reproduction works

Answer 23

The bacteria divides itself equally and it immediately seperates

Question 24

How Budding Reproduction works

Answer 24

The bacteria gets ready to divide itself but it divides unequally. Then it waits till the other half has grown to equal size and then they seperate

Question 25

What is the 1 type of sexual reproductions

Answer 25

Conjugation

Question 26

How does Conjugation work

Answer 26

- Conjugation requires two different bacterias. - Both bacterias duplicate their own plasmid - Then connect each others Pili and exchange each others plasmid - Now that they have each others plasmid they fuse the different plasmids from each other into one again - These plasmids then make NEW VARIATION and the bacteria can undergo asexual reproduction for more reproduction with different genes

Question 27

Do bacterias grow in number or size?

Answer 27

They grow in number since they divide equally (Humans grow in size from child to adult)

Question 28

Do bacterias create childs or themselves?

Answer 28

Bacterias make copies of themselves by dividing themselves in half (Humans parents create a child)

Question 29

Differences between Bacteria & Virus

Answer 29

Virus: - Obligate intracellular parasites - No ribosomes - DNA or RNA, not both - Can be seen by EM (Electron Microscope) - 10-100s of genes Bacteria: - Usually free-living, but can be parasites - Have Ribosomes - DNA and RNA, have both - Can be seen by LM (Light Microscope) - 100-1000s of genes

Question 30

The Nutrition for bacterias are split into 2 which are

Answer 30

Heterotroph and Autotroph

Question 31

What are the two types of heterotroph nutrition and explain

Answer 31

- Scavenger/Decomposer: consumes left over/trash/dead organism -Pathogen/Parasites: consumes and lives on other organism

Question 32

What are the two types of autotroph nutrition and explain

Answer 32

- Photo autotroph: Produces their food using light energy. Ex: Photosynthesis - Chemo autotroph: Produces their food using chemical reaction energy. Ex: Chemosynthesis in Nitrogen Cycle

Question 33

What are the 4 phases in the growth of bacteria

Answer 33

1: Lag phase: Bacteria growing slowly 2: Log phase: Bacteria growing rapidly 3: Stationary Phase: Bacteria number becomes constant due to limited resources, competition 4. Death Phase: Bacteria number decrease from deaths because of the accumulation of toxins and waste as well as lack of resources