MONKEYS

Question 1

What are the old classifications for all primates

Answer 1

Prosimians (lemur, lorises, tarsiers) & Anthropoids (new world, old world, apes)

Question 2

What primate are lesser apes

Answer 2

Gibbons, siamang

Question 3

What primates are great apes and what is the new view

Answer 3

Orangutang, Gorillas, Humans, Bonobos, Chimpanzees

Question 4

How many pre-molars do old world monkeys have

Answer 4

2

Question 5

What is the new classification for all primates

Answer 5

Strepsirrhines (lemurs and lorises)
Haplorhine (tarsiers, new world, old world, apes)

Question 6

What is the main feature of haplorhines

Answer 6

dry nose

Question 7

what is the main feature of strepsirhine

Answer 7

moist nose, produce vitamin c

Question 8

What do lorises eat

Answer 8

fruit, insects, gum

Question 9

What do lemurs eat

Answer 9

frugivores

Question 10

What do tarsiers eat

Answer 10

insects and small vertebrates

Question 11

What are platyrrhine

Answer 11

new world monkeys

Question 12

Derived/specialized/convergent/homoplasy

Answer 12

traits aquired after

Question 13

What is polyandry

Answer 13

one female multiple males

Question 14

Which primates are monogamous

Answer 14

owl monkey and titi monkey, indri

Question 15

What are catarrhine

Answer 15

old world monkey cercopithecines and Hominoidea (apes)

Question 16

Characteristics of primates in general

Answer 16

manual dexterity, vision, dentition, big brains, social, long life spans, finger prints, orbital bone enclosed

Question 17

What is the proper name for bonobos

Answer 17

pan paniscus

Question 18

what is the proper name for chimpanzees

Answer 18

pan troglodyte

Question 19

What is the proper name for Orangutan

Answer 19

pongo pygmaeus

Question 20

What is altruism

Answer 20

an unselfish act to benefit others at ones own risk

Question 21

Conditions for natural selection

Answer 21

competition, reproduction, inheritance, variation

Question 22

What are examples of indirect fitness

Answer 22

altruism, kin selection

Question 23

what is kin selection

Answer 23

any impact of survival an individual has on its relatives

Question 24

Population bottle neck

Answer 24

reduced population due to environment

Question 25

founder effect

Answer 25

founding of a new population by non-representative sample (small portion of population create new population)

Question 26

What is pleiotropy

Answer 26

one gene affecting several phenotypic traits

Question 27

Lamaracks theory

Answer 27

acquired characteristics (WRONG)

Question 28

What are Tinbergens 4 questions

Answer 28

adaptive value, evolutionary history, causation, development

Question 29

Intersexual selection

Answer 29

choice of mate

Question 30

Which apes come from asia

Answer 30

Gibbons and orangutan

Question 31

What are apes' diets

Answer 31

ripe fruit, insects, meat

Question 32

Which gender is philopatric in chimps

Answer 32

male

Question 33

What is the social organization of chimps and Bonobos

Answer 33

fission-fusion

Question 34

What is Cathemeral

Answer 34

distributed activity thorught 24 hour period

Question 35

What sleep patterns do humans follow

Answer 35

monophasic, diurnal

Question 36

What are elements of circadian rhythm

Answer 36

DNA repair, body temp, endocrine system, digestion, light

Question 37

What is the smallest primate in the world

Answer 37

mouse lemur

Question 38

What is the ring tailed lemurs sleeping pattern

Answer 38

cathemeral

Question 39

What is the social system of gelada

Answer 39

multi-tiered, one male reproductive units

Question 40

What is younger ascendancy and which primates have this

Answer 40

younger daughters have higher rank/reproductive value, Baboons

Question 41

What are three benefits to living in a group

Answer 41

dilution effect, vigilance, and active defense

Question 42

What is the difference between predation risk and rate

Answer 42

risk = encounters, rate = deaths

Question 43

Which gender forms coalitions more often in bonobos

Answer 43

females

Question 44

Which primates are female philopatric

Answer 44

macaques, baboons, ring tailed lemur, old world monkeys, geladas, (All but chimps)

Question 45

What is the socio-ecological model

Answer 45

ecology determines group size, competition and cohesion which has an effect on mating and social structure

Question 46

What are optimal group sizes for blue monkey, ring tailed lemur, and geladas

Answer 46

40, 20, 8

Question 47

What is the ecological constraint model

Answer 47

bigger groups = longer day range (travel further)

Question 48

What effects do organizational hormones have

Answer 48

during development/birth, structural changes, irreversible (organizational)

Question 49

what effects do activational hormones have

Answer 49

temporary, mature, act in body and brain (short term)

Question 50

What is prenatal androgen exposure and its effects

Answer 50

ring finger longer than the middle due to testosterone, higher aggression

Question 51

What is a summary of the baboon study

Answer 51

lower ranking animals have more stress hormones aside from alpha males

Question 52

What is a summary of the challenge hypothesis

Answer 52

testosterone rises in peri-ovulatory period of parous females (have children)

Question 53

What is a summary of the imbalance of power hypothesis

Answer 53

ecology -> fission-fusion -> imbalance of power -> low-cost aggression -> increased access to food

Question 54

Charnov model

Answer 54

energy for growth or reproduction trade-off, larger mother = better, extrinsic mortality

Question 55

Ecological risk hypothesis

Answer 55

competition is harder for juveniles (forging, starvation, predation)

Question 56

need to learn hypothesis

Answer 56

juvenile females watch and learn, males play

Question 57

Do gorillas have strong female-male bonds

Answer 57

yes