Monomers and Polymers

Question 1

What is polymerisation

Answer 1

When small molecules join together to form a long chain which is a large molecule.

Question 2

Describe a monomer

Answer 2

Small molecules spread out not touching each other

Question 3

Describe a polymer

Answer 3

A long chain of molecules

Question 4

What are monomers

Answer 4

Amino acids, monosaccharide, mononucleotide

Question 5

What are polymers

Answer 5

Polypeptides, polysaccharide, polynucleotides

Question 6

What is condensation polymerisation

Answer 6

When one molecule of water is released when a single bond is formed that holds the monomers together and is then released with oxygen

Question 7

What are monosaccharides

Answer 7

Single sugar molecules, sweet tasting, very soluble and is transported easily, broken down in respiration to make A + P, they are called reducing sugars (donate electrons)

Question 8

What are the three monosaccharides

Answer 8

Glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 9

What are the three disaccharides

Answer 9

Maltose( 2 molecules of sugar), Lactose(glucose and galactose) , Sucrose (glucose and fruetose non reducing).

Question 10

What are disaccharides

Answer 10

Formula of C12H22O11, joined by gylscosidic bond from a condensation reaction.

Question 11

What reaction is needed to break down a disaccharide

Answer 11

hydrolysis reaction using water to split them

Question 12

What can you do to make hydrolysis take place

Answer 12

Use boiling water, dilute acid or an alkaline

Question 13

What two molecules are needed to create maltose

Answer 13

glucose and glucose

Question 14

What two molecules are needed to create sucrose

Answer 14

glucose and fruetose

Question 15

What are reducing sugars

Answer 15

Sugars that contain aldehyde groups (-CHO) or ketone (-CO) groups, reduce electrons

Question 16

What colour are aldehyde groups

Answer 16

blue

Question 17

What are the 5 properties of water?

Answer 17

High latent heat of vaporisation, cohesive, transparent, high specific heat capacity, solvent

Question 18

Why is iron important?

Answer 18

stops anaemia, without it can cause liver and kidney damage (haemochromatosis), heamoglogin crrys O2 around blood, Fe2+ can bind to heamoglobin and myoglobin protein to transport O2 to organs.

Question 19

Why is sodium important?

Answer 19

too much can cause heart disease, involved in cotransport of glucose and amino acids, affect transport of water through cell membrane by osmosis, important in nerve functions in animals

Question 20

How do we gain or loose inorganic ions from the body

Answer 20

sweatin, crying, eating, drinking things that contain calcium and lose it by urine and waste products.

Question 21

Why is homeostatic control important

Answer 21

It regulates the body cells and without it have low iron so not enough oxygen and without calcium bones become weak.

Question 22

Where can you find inorganic ions

Answer 22

Cytoplasm of cells, body fluids, part of larger molecules

Question 23

What makes electron microscopes better than light microscopes

Answer 23

High resolving power- due to short wavelength of electrons

Question 24

Why can electro magnets focus

Answer 24

it’s negatively charged

Question 25

What does an electro gun produce

Answer 25

electrons

Question 26

What is used to focus the image

Answer 26

magnetic lens

Question 27

What are the limitations of using an electron microscope

Answer 27

Has to be in a vacuum, has to be dead, must be extremely thin, black or white

Question 28

Advantages of using TEM over SEM

Answer 28

higher resolution, higher magnification

Question 29

Advantages of using SEM over TEM

Answer 29

shows surface of the specimen, thin specimens don’t need to be prepared