Monomers and Polymers Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is polymerisation
When small molecules join together to form a long chain which is a large molecule.
Describe a monomer
Small molecules spread out not touching each other
Describe a polymer
A long chain of molecules
What are monomers
Amino acids, monosaccharide, mononucleotide
What are polymers
Polypeptides, polysaccharide, polynucleotides
What is condensation polymerisation
When one molecule of water is released when a single bond is formed that holds the monomers together and is then released with oxygen
What are monosaccharides
Single sugar molecules, sweet tasting, very soluble and is transported easily, broken down in respiration to make A + P, they are called reducing sugars (donate electrons)
What are the three monosaccharides
Glucose, fructose, galactose
What are the three disaccharides
Maltose( 2 molecules of sugar), Lactose(glucose and galactose) , Sucrose (glucose and fruetose non reducing).
What are disaccharides
Formula of C12H22O11, joined by gylscosidic bond from a condensation reaction.
What reaction is needed to break down a disaccharide
hydrolysis reaction using water to split them
What can you do to make hydrolysis take place
Use boiling water, dilute acid or an alkaline
What two molecules are needed to create maltose
glucose and glucose
What two molecules are needed to create sucrose
glucose and fruetose
What are reducing sugars
Sugars that contain aldehyde groups (-CHO) or ketone (-CO) groups, reduce electrons
What colour are aldehyde groups
blue
What are the 5 properties of water?
High latent heat of vaporisation, cohesive, transparent, high specific heat capacity, solvent
Why is iron important?
stops anaemia, without it can cause liver and kidney damage (haemochromatosis), heamoglogin crrys O2 around blood, Fe2+ can bind to heamoglobin and myoglobin protein to transport O2 to organs.
Why is sodium important?
too much can cause heart disease, involved in cotransport of glucose and amino acids, affect transport of water through cell membrane by osmosis, important in nerve functions in animals
How do we gain or loose inorganic ions from the body
sweatin, crying, eating, drinking things that contain calcium and lose it by urine and waste products.
Why is homeostatic control important
It regulates the body cells and without it have low iron so not enough oxygen and without calcium bones become weak.
Where can you find inorganic ions
Cytoplasm of cells, body fluids, part of larger molecules
What makes electron microscopes better than light microscopes
High resolving power- due to short wavelength of electrons
Why can electro magnets focus
it’s negatively charged
